List of Contributors xiSeries Editor's Foreword xiiiEditor's Preface xv1 The Rise, and Fall, and Rise of Electronic Paper 1Paul S. Drzaic, Bo-Ru Yang, and Anne Chiang1.1 Introduction 11.2 Why Electronic Paper? 21.3 Brightness, Color, and Resolution 21.4 Reflectivity and Viewing Angle 41.5 Translating Print-on-Paper into Electronic Paper 51.6 The Allure of Electronic Paper vs. the Practicality of LCDs 101.7 The Evolution of Electrophoretic Display-Based Electronic Paper 111.8 Initial Wave of Electrophoretic Display Development 121.9 The Revival of EPDs 171.10 Developing a Commercial Display 181.11 Enhancing Brightness and Contrast 191.12 Microencapsulation Breakthrough 201.13 Image Retention 211.14 Active-Matrix Compatibility 231.15 Electronic Book Products, and E Ink Merger 251.16 Summary 262 Fundamental Mechanisms of Electrophoretic Displays 31Bo-Ru Yang and Kristiaan Neyts2.1 General View of Electronic Ink Operation 312.2 Charging Mechanism with Inverse Micelle Dynamics 332.3 Drift and Diffusion of Charged Inverse Micelles 352.4 Motion of Charged Inverse Micelles Under External Field Driving 382.5 Stern Layer Formation 412.6 Charging Mechanism with Particles and Additives 442.7 Observations on a Single Particle 442.8 Rheological Effects During Driving 472.9 Bistability After Removing External Fields 482.10 Full Color E-Paper 492.11 Conclusion 503 Driving Waveforms and Image Processing for Electrophoretic Displays 53Zong Qin and Bo-Ru Yang3.1 Driving Waveforms of EPDs 533.2 Image Processing 613.3 Advanced Driving Methods for Future E-Papers 694 Fast-Switching Mode with CLEARInk Structure 75Robert J. Fleming4.1 Introduction 754.2 CLEARink Display Optics 784.3 CLEARink Reflective Color Displays 854.4 Electrophoretic Displays with CLEARink Structure 894.5 CLEARink Device Architecture 934.6 Manufacturing and Supply Chain 964.6.1 Status of Technology and Future Projections 96Acknowledgments 975 Bistable Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Displays -- Review and Writing Tablets 99Clinton Braganza and Mauricio Echeverri5.1 Introduction 995.2 Materials and Optical Properties 995.3 Image Creation Using Cholesteric Liquid Crystals 1045.4 Applications 1085.5 Writing Tablets 1095.6 Conclusions 1266 The Zenithal Bistable Display: A Grating Aligned Bistable Nematic Liquid Crystal Device 131Guy P. Bryan-Brown and J. Cliff Jones6.1 Introduction 1316.2 Operating Principles and Geometries 1326.3 Grating Fabrication and Supply Chain 1386.4 ZBD LCD Manufacturing Processes 1416.5 Electrical Addressing 1446.6 Optical Configurations 1456.7 Novel Arrangements 1496.8 Conclusions 1507 Reflective LCD with Memory in Pixel Structure 153Yoko Fukunaga7.1 Introduction 1537.2 Memory in Pixel Technology and Its Super Low Power Operation 1547.3 Sub-Pixel Pattern to Show Gray Scale 1577.4 Reflective LCD Optical Design 1587.5 How to Show a Natural Image 1637.6 Design Characteristics of Current Market-Available Products and Their Super Low Power Operations 1647.7 Summary of Power Consumption 1677.8 Applications 1687.9 Future Expectations 1688 Optically Rewritable Liquid Crystal Display 171Wanlong Zhang, Abhishek Srivastava, Vladimir Chigrinov, and Hoi-Sing Kwok8.1 Introduction 1718.2 Photoalignment Technology 1728.3 Flexible Optically Rewritable LCD 1868.4 Dye-Doped Optically Rewritable LCD 1888.5 Conclusion 1909 Electrowetting Displays 197Doeke J. Oostra9.1 Overviews 1979.2 Introduction 1979.3 The Promise of Electrowetting Displays 2009.4 History of Electrowetting Display Development 2049.5 Electrowetting Cells 2059.6 Capabilities for Black and White 2069.7 Capabilities for Video and Color 2099.8 Driving 2159.9 Architectures 2169.10 Manufacturing 2179.11 Reliability 2209.12 Failure Mechanisms 2209.13 In Conclusion: Electrowetting Displays Have Reached Maturity 22110 Electrochromic Display 225Norihisa Kobayashi10.1 Introduction 22510.2 Structure of Electrochromic Display 22610.3 EC Materials 22810.4 Summary 23911 Phase Change Material Displays 243Ben Broughton and Peiman Hosseini11.1 Introduction 24311.2 Phase Change Materials and Devices 24311.3 Strong Interference in Ultra-Thin Absorbing Films 24411.4 Potential for High Brightness, Low Power Color Reflective Displays 24511.5 Solid-State Reflective Displays (SRD(r)) 24811.6 SRD Prototype -- Progress and Performance 25911.7 Other Approaches 26311.8 Conclusions 26512 Optical Measurements for E-Paper Displays 271Karlheinz Blankenbach12.1 Introduction 27112.2 Fundamentals of Reflection 27212.3 Reflection Measurements Set-Ups 27312.4 Display Image Quality Parameters 27612.5 Temporal Parameters 28112.6 Further Topics 28312.7 Summary 283Glossary incl. Abbreviations 284References 284Index 287
Bo-Ru Yang, PhD, is a Professor at Sun Yat-Sen University. He is one of the pioneering inventors of full-color e-paper, holding close to 40 patents for materials, devices, driving schemes, and fabrication. He also serves as the Society for Information Display e-paper and flexible display committee chair.
