Dynamics and Relativity

ISBN-13: 9780470014608 / Angielski / Miękka / 2009 / 352 str.

J. R. Forshaw

Opis

A new title in the Manchester Physics Series, this introductory text emphasises physical principles behind classical mechanics and relativity. It assumes little in the way of prior knowledge, introducing relevant mathematics and carefully developing it within a physics context. Designed to provide a logical development of the subject, the book is divided into four sections, introductory material on dynamics, and special relativity, which is then followed by more advanced coverage of dynamics and special relativity. Each chapter includes problems ranging in difficulty from simple to challenging with solutions for solving problems.

• Includes solutions for solving problems
• Numerous worked examples included throughout the book
• Mathematics is carefully explained and developed within a physics environment
• Sensitive to topics that can appear daunting or confusing

Spis treści

Preface.

I. INTRODUCTORY DYNAMICS.

1. SPACE, TIME AND MOTION.

1.1 Defining Space and Time.

1.2 Vectors and Co–ordinate Systems.

1.3 Velocity and Acceleration.

1.4 Standards and Units.

2. FORCE, MOMENTUM AND NEWTON’S LAWS.

2.1 Force and Static Equilibrium.

2.2 Force and Motion.

2.3 Applications of Newton’s Laws.

3. ENERGY.

3.1 Work, Power and Kinetic Energy.

3.2 Potential Energy.

3.3 Collisions.

3.4 Energy Conservation in Complex Systems.

4. ANGULAR MOMENTUM.

4.1 Angular Momentum of a Particle.

4.2 Conservation of Angular Momentum in Systems of Particles.

4.3 Angular Momentum and Rotation About a Fixed Axis.

4.4 Sliding and Rolling.

4.5 Angular Impulse and the Centre of Percussion.

4.6 Kinetic Energy of Rotation.

II. INTRODUCTORY SPECIAL RELATIVITY.

5. THE NEED FOR A NEW THEORY OF SPACE AND TIME.

5.1 Space and Time Revisited.

5.2 Experimental Evidence.

5.3 Einstein’s Postulates.

6. RELATIVISTIC KINEMATICS.

6.1 Time Dilation, Length Contraction and Simultaneity.

6.2 Lorentz Transformations.

6.3 Velocity Transformations.

7. RELATIVISTIC ENERGY AND MOMENTUM.

7.1 Momentum and Energy.

7.2 Applications in Particle Physics.

III ADVANCED DYNAMICS.

8. NON–INERTIAL FRAMES.

8.1 Linearly Accelerating Frames.

8.2 Rotating Frames.

9. GRAVITATION.

9.1 Newton’s Law of Gravity.

9.2 The Gravitational Potential.

9.3 Reduced Mass.

9.4 Motion in a central force.

9.5 Orbits.

10. RIGID BODY MOTION.

10.1 The angular momentum of a rigid body.

10.2 The moment of inertia tensor.

10.3 Principal axes.

10.4 Fixed–axis rotation in the lab frame.

10.5 Euler’s equations.

10.6 The free rotation of a symmetric top.

10.7 The stability of free rotation.

10.8 Gyroscopes.

IV. ADVANCED SPECIAL RELATIVITY.

11. THE SYMMETRIES OF SPACE AND TIME.

11.1 Symmetry in Physics.

11.2 Lorentz Symmetry.

12. FOUR–VECTORS AND LORENTZ INVARIANTS.

12.1 The Velocity Four–vector.

12.2 The Wave Four–vector.

12.3 The Energy–momentum Four–vector.

12.4 Electric and Magnetic Fields.

13. SPACE–TIME DIAGRAMS AND CAUSALITY.

13.1 Relativity Preserves Causality.

13.2 An Alternative Approach.

14. ACCELERATION AND GENERAL RELATIVITY.

14.1 Acceleration in Special Relativity.

14.2 A glimpse of General Relativity.

A DERIVING THE GEODESIC EQUATION.

B SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS.