Disrupting Buildings: Digitalisation and the Transformation of Deep Renovation

ISBN-13: 9783031323089 / Angielski

Theo Lynn;Pierangelo Rosati;Mohamad Kassem

Opis

The world's extant building stock accounts for a significant portion of worldwide energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In 2020, buildings and construction accounted for 36% of global final energy consumption and 37% of energy related CO2 emissions. The EU estimates that up to 75% of the EU's existing building stock has poor energy performance, 85-95% of which will still be in use in 2050. To meet the goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change will require a transformation of construction processes and deep renovation of the extant building stock. It is widely recognized that ICTs can play an important role in construction, renovation and maintenance as well as supporting the financing of deep renovation. Technologies such as sensors, big data analytics and machine learning, BIM, digital twinning, simulation, robots, cobots and UAVs, and additive manufacturing are transforming the deep renovation process, improving sustainability performance, and developing new services and markets. This open access book defines a deep renovation digital ecosystem for the 21st century, providing a state-of-the art review of current literature, suggesting avenues for new research, and offering perspectives from business, technology and industry domains.This is an open access book.

Spis treści

Chapter 1 – Deep Renovation:

Definitions, Drivers and Barriers

Chapter 1 defines the key elements of the deep renovation

lifecycle. Investment in deep renovation is driven by a wide

range of rationales including societal, economic,

environmental, energy security, quality, opportunistic, and

catalytic motivations and benefits. At the same time, both

deep renovation and digital technology adoption to

support deep renovation are impacted by human,

organisational, technological, and external environment

challenges. This chapter explores the key drivers and

barriers for deep renovation and associated digitalisation.

It establishes the motivation for the remainder of the book.

Chapter 2 - Embedded Sensors,

Ubiquitous Connectivity and Tracking

Digitalisation of the deep renovation process and build

environment is enabled by ubiquitous connectivity and

monitoring of the environment itself, the artefacts and

actors within it, and events that occur. Such monitoring is

critical for dynamic peak demand reduction and

affordability. Chapter 2 provides an overview of how

computation capabilities are being integrated into the

physical environment and the role of sensor networks in

the context of deep renovation. The key advantages and

benefits of these technologies at the pre, during and post-

renovation stages are discussed together with different

application use cases e.g. home automation vs building

infrastructure systems. The role and value of sensor

network infrastructures and the legal and ethical

implications of the use of such sensor infrastructures is

also discussed.

Chapter 3 – Building Information

Modelling

Chapter 3 defines BIM and discusses the evolution of

building information modelling from computer-aided three-

dimensional modelling to include time scheduling (4D) and

the next generation of BIM that integrates building design

with estimates and costing to provide a decision support

system for making reliable decisions across a building life-

cycle. This chapter summarises the state-of-the-art on

BIM, with a specific emphasis on deep renovation, as well

as future trends for BIM solutions.

Chapter 4 – Simulation Simulation is a proven technique that uses computational

mathematical models to represent the physical

characteristics, expected or actual operation, and control

strategies of a building and its energy systems. There are

many opportunities for using simulations across the deep

renovation life cycle including (1) integrating simulations

with other knowledge-based systems to support decision

making, (2) using simulations to evaluate and compare

design scenarios, (3) integrating simulations with real-time

monitoring and diagnostic systems for building energy

management and control, (4) integrating multiple

simulation applications, and (5) using VR to enable digital

building design and operation experiences. While building

performance simulation is relatively well established, there

are numerous challenges to implementation across the life

cycle, not least integrating data from fragmented building

systems, modelling human-building interaction, amongst

others. Chapter 4 defines the building performance

simulation space outlining significant use cases, drivers for

adoption and challenges for implementation.

Chapter 5 – Big Data and Analytics Similarly to a number of other industries, the construction

sector has been impacted and somewhat changed by the

growing volume of heterogeneous data available at

different stages of the construction process. This trend is

expected to continue as technologies such as sensors and

the Internet of Things become more and more accessible

and commoditised. The availability of data is particularly

useful in the context of deep renovation where it can

dramatically accelerate the decision making for building

stock retrofit. Chapter 5 defines Big Data and analytics in

the context of deep renovation and describes how the use

of Big Data and advanced analytics such as Machine

Learning and Artificial Intelligence have impacted the

different stages of the deep renovation lifecycle.

Chapter 6 – Mobile Interfaces and

Augmented Reality

As the technologies and the building elements

implemented in deep renovation projects become more

advanced and complex, there is growing need for

specialist skills and knowledge which may not be always

available on-site therefore reducing productivity and

safety. The use of mobile interfaces and augmented reality

may provide on-site operators with timely information and

therefore overcome some of these issues. Chapter 6

explores the implications of the ever-increasing use of

mobile technologies in the deep renovation process with a

particular focus on augmented reality and the role it plays

in the design as well as the implementation phase of the

deep renovation. Key drivers and barriers to adoption, and

implications for the workforce are also discussed.

Chapter 7 – 3D Scanning and Digital

Twinning

Chapter 7 introduces the role of digital twinning and 3D

scanning in the deep renovation lifecycle. These

technologies are often confused with BIM and other

building-related cyber-physical systems. This chapter

starts by defining digital twinning and constituent

technologies and elements. Once defined, the state-of-art

in both (i) the creation, and (ii) the use of digital twinning

across the deep renovation lifecycle is explored including

drivers for adoption and barriers.

Chapter 8 - Additive manufacturing Chapter 8 defines and discusses the key elements and

attributes of additive manufacturing and the role it plays in

deep renovation projects. Additive manufacturing,

including 3D printing, has potential opportunities for the

construction industry and specific applications in the deep

renovation process. While additive manufacturing can

provide significant benefits in the deep renovation process,

it is not without its own environmental footprint and

barriers. Upcoming technological advancements and

trends are discussed together with their potential impact

for different stakeholders.

Chapter 9 – Intelligent Construction

Equipment and Robotics

The primary motivation behind the use of intelligent

construction equipment and industrial exoskeletons is to

prevent occupational injuries, human error, and associated

financial consequences. While these technologies offer

significant opportunities for the construction sector, they

may not be cost-effective, or suitable for complex,

unpredictable and varied moves. Chapter 9 presents the

main advantages and benefits of the use of cobots,

exoskeletons, UAVs and other robotics technologies in

construction and deep renovation contexts. It summarises

the state-of-the-art of these technologies and current use

cases. Operational, legal and ethical challenges to

adoption and implementation are also discussed.

Chapter 10 - Open Access and

Interoperability

Interoperability is one the technological barriers to deep

renovation. Deep renovation is a multi-domain area with

multiple inbound and outbound linkages to a wide variety

of stakeholders and systems. This results in significant

interoperability issues that impact data flows. Chapter 10

discusses the concept of technological interoperability,

and specifically data linking, across the deep renovation

lifecycle. The state-of-the-art for addressing these issues

are discussed including advantages and limitations.

Chapter 11 - Security and Data

Privacy for Deep Renovation

Digitalisation during the deep renovation process will

produce significant volumes of data. Smart building and

smart home technologies assume massive increases in

heterogeneous end-points with varying computational

capabilities, intermittent connectivity and a wide variety of

potentially conflicting data requirements, decision

criticalities and priorities. Furthermore, it is envisaged that

machine learning of increasing sophistication will be used

to make sense of this data in near-real time and, in some

cases, actuate changes close to the edge of networks.

Chapter 11 explores the security and data privacy issues

inherent in greater digitalisation of the deep renovation

process and the built environment including vulnerabilities

and threats associated with edge computing and edge

intelligence, and associated countermeasures.

Chapter 12 - Fintech for Deep

Renovation and Smart Contracts

Access to capital is one of the key barriers for deep

renovation. This chapter presents the potential advantages

and benefits that financial technology (fintech) solutions

such as crowdfunding, peer-to-peer lending and smart

contracts can provide to building owners and construction

companies in terms of financing. Future avenues for

research in this space are also presented.

O autorze

Theo Lynn is Full Professor of Digital at DCU Business School, Ireland. He is Series Editor on the Palgrave Studies in Digital Business & Enabling Technologies. 

Pierangelo Rosati is Associate Professor of Digital Business & Society at the University of Galway, Ireland and is Series Editor on the Palgrave Studies in Digital Business & Enabling Technologies. 

Mohamad Kassem is Professor of Digital Construction Management at Newcastle University, United Kingdom. 

Stelios Krinidis is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Management Science & Technology of the International Hellenic University, Greece and a Post-Doctoral Researcher at the Centre of Research & Technology Hellas, Greece.

Jennifer Kennedy is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Irish Institute of Digital Business at DCU Business School, Ireland.

Blurb

The world’s extant building stock accounts for a significant portion of worldwide energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In 2020, buildings and construction accounted for 36% of global final energy consumption and 37% of energy related CO2 emissions. The EU estimates that up to 75% of the EU’s existing building stock has poor energy performance, 85–95% of which will still be in use in 2050.

To meet the goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change will require a transformation of construction processes and deep renovation of the extant building stock. It is widely recognized that ICTs can play an important role in construction, renovation and maintenance as well as supporting the financing of deep renovation. Technologies such as sensors, big data analytics and machine learning, BIM, digital twinning, simulation, robots, cobots and UAVs, and additive manufacturing are transforming the deep renovation process, improving sustainability performance, and developing new services and markets.

This open access book defines a deep renovation digital ecosystem for the 21st century, providing a state-of-the art review of current literature, suggesting avenues for new research, and offering perspectives from business, technology and industry domains.

Theo Lynn is Full Professor of Digital at DCU Business School, Ireland. He is Series Editor on the Palgrave Studies in Digital Business & Enabling Technologies. 

Pierangelo Rosati is Associate Professor of Digital Business & Society at the University of Galway, Ireland and is Series Editor on the Palgrave Studies in Digital Business & Enabling Technologies. 

Mohamad Kassem is Professor of Digital Construction Management at Newcastle University, United Kingdom. 

Stelios Krinidis is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Management Science & Technology of the International Hellenic University, Greece and a Post-Doctoral Researcher at the Centre of Research & Technology Hellas, Greece.

Jennifer Kennedy is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Irish Institute of Digital Business at DCU Business School, Ireland.