Disorders of Articulation: Aspects of Dysarthria and Verbal Dyspraxia

ISBN-13: 9783709187371 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 136 str.

Margaret Edwards

Opis

The title of this book may at first appear to be somewhat restrictive in its use of terminology. However, this is far from the intention of the writer; on the contrary, the following chapters seek to reflect a departure from the traditional segmentally orientated approach to this type of disability. Indeed one reason why the book has been written is the sense of frustration arising out of the largely ineffectual static and structural methodology of remedial work. Alternative titles could have been Disorders of Speech Production, or Neurogenic Speech Disorders, but neither would have encapsulated the essence of the book. Much of the recent research in the neurophysiology of motor control and also in the field of neurolinguistics has been concerned with ways in which intention and planning of movement is effected. Such models are still in their infancy, but it seems the potential value of their application to speech is considerable. In the case of verbal dysp'taxia, for example, we have long since in rather vague terms described it as a disorder of organization and programming without ever stating exactly what may be disorganized or not properly planned. This book does not provide the answer for as yet there is insufficient data on which to work so that formulated theories may be tested and further defined. But as we move from speculative guess-work towards established fact so the likelihood grows of providing more positive help for those who suffer these drastic limitations in communication.

Spis treści

1. What Is Meant by Disorders of Articulation?.- Problems of Classification.- Historical Aspects.- Relationship of Articulation to Other Levels of Production.- Dynamic Nature of Articulation.- Terms of Reference.- 2. Neurophysiological Aspects of Speech Production.- Cerebral Dominance.- Localization.- Descending Supraspinal Systems.- The Pyramidal System.- Corticospinal Tract.- Corticobulbar Tract.- Functions of the Pyramidal System.- Other Descending Pathways.- Striate Body (Basal Ganglia).- The Reticular System. Red Nucleus.- Cerebellar System.- The Peripheral Nervous System.- Transmission.- The Motor Neurone.- Feedback.- Cranial Nerves.- Presetting of Cortical Mechanisms.- 3. Neuroiinguistic Aspects of Speech Production.- Ideation.- Execution.- Linguistic Programming.- Motor Programming.- Control.- Types of Feedback.- 4. Correlation of Dysarthria.- Classification.- Spastic Dysarthria.- Relationship Between Speech and Non Speech Movement.- Dyskinetic Dysarthria.- Athetosis.- Hypokinetic Dysarthria.- Ataxie Dysarthria.- Peripheral (Lower Motor Neurone) Dysarthria.- Mixed Dysarthrias.- Changes in Speech Production with Advancing Age.- Conclusion.- 5. Correlates of Verbal Dyspraxia.- Motor Theory.- Duality of Dyspraxia.- Some Features of Dyspraxia.- Linguistic Features of Dyspraxia.- Stress and Timing.- Rhythmicity.- Sensory Feedback.- Verbal Comprehension.- Writing and Drawing.- Summary.- 6. Management.- Associated Conditions.- Investigation and Assessments of Speech.- Dysarthria.- Objective Assessments.- Perceptual Assessment.- Linguistic Investigation.- Dyspraxia.- Intervention.- Setting and Frequency.- Groups Versus Individual Therapy.- Multidisciplinary Involvement.- Treatment Procedures.