Diseases of Mites and Ticks

ISBN-13: 9781402096945 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 356 str.

Opis

Ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogens than any other group of hemotophagous arthropods (Sonenshine 1993). In ticks, the midgut is the ?rst site of exposure to a wide variety of hemoparasites that may be ingested with the bloodmeal. Some of these he- parasites are either not infective for ticks and rapidly digested or cleared by the innate tick immune system. Others infect midgut epithelial cells where they multiply and subsequently infect other tissues including the salivary glands. Transmission may occur when the tick is ingested by the vertebrate host or from salivary glands via the saliva to vertebrate hosts when the tick feeds again. Tick-borne pathogens have apparently co-evolved with ticks for their mutual survival because, while pathogens undergo considerable multiplication in ticks, these infections do not appear to be detrimental to tick feeding or their biology (Kocan et al. 1992a, 2005; Sonenshine et al. 2005). Among the various tick-borne pathogens, those belonging to the genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) are obligate intracellular organisms found exclusively within parasitophorous vacuoles in the cytoplasm of both vertebrate and tick host cells (Kocan 1986; Dumler et al. 2001). The type species, A. marginale, causes the econo- cally important cattle disease, anaplasmosis, with Dermacentor variabilis comprising one of the main tick vectors of this pathogen in the USA (Kocan et al. 2004).

Spis treści

Diseases of mites and ticks: farewell to Leo van der Geest.- Diseases of mites and ticks: from basic pathology to microbial control—an introduction.- Using RNA interference to determine the role of varisin in the innate immune system of the hard tick Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae).- Silencing expression of the defensin, varisin, in male Dermacentor variabilis by RNA interference results in reduced Anaplasma marginale infections.- Potential effects of mixed infections in ticks on transmission dynamics of pathogens: comparative analysis of published records.- An association between the Antarctic mite Alaskozetes antarcticus and an entomophthoralean fungus of the genus Neozygites.- Diversity of acaropathogenic fungi in Poland and other European countries.- Entomopathogenic fungi against South American tick species.- Pathogenicity and thermotolerance of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of the scab mite, Psoroptes ovis.- Impact of two treatments of a formulation of Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) conidia on Varroa mites (Acari: Varroidae) and on honeybee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colony health.- Topically applied myco-acaricides for the control of cattle ticks: overcoming the challenges.- Protection of Metarhizium anisopliae conidia from ultra-violet radiation and their pathogenicity to Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi ticks.- Evaluation of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) for control of broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in mulberry.- Enabling mycelial application of Hirsutella thompsonii for managing the coconut mite.- A tale of three acaropathogenic fungi in Israel: Hirsutella, Meira and Acaromyces.- Lessons from interactions within the cassava green mite fungal pathogen Neozygites tanajoae system and prospects for microbial control using Entomophthorales.- Failure of the mite-pathogenic fungus Neozygites tanajoae and the predatory mite Neoseiulus idaeus to control a population of the cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa.- The effects of Pseudomonas putida biotype B on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae).- Overwintering and prevalence of Neozygites floridana (Zygomycetes: Neozygitaceae) in hibernating females of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) under cold climatic conditions in strawberries.- Sprays of emulsifiable Beauveria bassiana formulation are ovicidal towards Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) at various regimes of temperature and humidity.- Role of entomopathogenic fungi in the control of Tetranychus evansi and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), pests of horticultural crops.- Effect of temperature on virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolates to Tetranychus evansi.- Side-effects of pesticides on the life cycle of the mite pathogenic fungus Neozygites floridana.- Natural enemies of mass-reared predatory mites (family Phytoseiidae) used for biological pest control.- Verified and potential pathogens of predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae).- Symbionts, including pathogens, of the predatory mite Metaseiulus occidentalis: current and future analysis methods.

Blurb

The current collection of twenty-four papers is a mixture of primary research articles and literature reviews, presenting a broad overview of the developments in about all possible aspects of acarine diseases, stretching from basic pathology to microbial pest control. The pathogens include fungi, bacteria, and protozoa (as well as an occasional virus and unidentified organism), the hosts are mites and ticks from a great variety of taxa (e.g., Eriophyidae, Ixodidae, Oribatida, Phytoseiidae, Psoroptida, Tarsonemidae, Tetranychidae, Varroidae). These taxa include many infamous mites and ticks, which cause tremendous economical losses throughout the world, for example in greenhouse and field-grown agricultural crops, life stock (cattle, sheep), apiculture, and man. The taxa also include commercially available biocontrol agents, whose mass rearings need to be protected against pathogens.