Direct Realism: A Study of Perception

ISBN-13: 9789024728701 / Angielski / Twarda / 1983 / 203 str.

D. Gram

Opis

or their surfaces can be translated without remainder into descriptions of ob jects that are neither material objects or surfaces of any material object. All of these claims have historically conspired to discredit Direct Realism. But Direct Realism can accommodate all of the premises of the three argu ments without admitting any of their conclusions. Inferential perceptual knowl edge assumes a kind of knowledge that is not inferential. Without this assump tion, we are given a vicious infinite regress. But this is compatible with the fact that any case of non-inferential knowledge has a material objeCt as its object. The fact ofinfallible perceptual awareness fails to discredit DireCt Realism for similar reasons. Infallibility is a characteristic, not of the objects which we perceive, but rather of the acts by which we perceive them. And this permits an object of such awareness to be either material or something other than material. It does not fol low from the fact of infallibility that the objects of awareness must be other than material objects. And, finally, the fact of translatability shows at most that we either can or must simultaneously perceive material objects and entities which are not material objects. It does not show that the perception of the one is the same as the perception of the other. The entire argument rests, as we shall learn, on an illicit assimilation of the notions of sameness and equivalence.

Recenzje

`...a vigorous and challenging defence of direct realism in which one gets not only a clear overview of what precisely the problems are, but also a forceful and often insightful attempt to solve them. ...the book makes a highly readable and stimulating contribution to recent literature in the philosophy of perception.'
Critical Philosophy, 2:1 (1985)

Spis treści

I. Caveats.- 1. Physicalism and Direct Realism.- 2. Adverbialism.- 3. Acts and Objects.- i. The Argument from Ambiguity.- ii. The Argument from Introspection.- iii. The Argument from Process.- iv. The Argument from Performatives.- v. The Argument from Intentional Non-Existence.- 4. Whither Direct Realism?.- II. The Sensory Scene.- 1. The Argument for Immediacy.- 2. The Argument from Infallibility.- 3. The Argument from Conceptual Frameworks.- 4. The Very Idea of Direct Realism.- III. Qualitative Appearing.- 1. The Sensum Theory.- 2. The Compound Thing Theory.- 3. The Multiple Inherence Theory.- 4. The Multiple Relation Theory.- 5. The Impasse: A Look Backward.- 6. The Multiple Relation Theory Revisited: Major Objections.- 7. Direct Realism and the Multiple Relation Theory Reconciled.- IV. Illusion.- 1. The Received Answers: Direct Realists Manqué.- 2. No Intrinsic Difference: Another Interpretation.- 3. Descriptive Neutrality and Direct Realism.- 4. Indeterminate Perceptual Objects: The Speckled Hen Example.- 5. The Phantom Limb Objection.- V. Time Lag.- 1. The Received Answers.- 2. A New Beginning.- 3. Obstacles and Objections.- 4. Common Sense and Causation.- 5. Microparticles: Causation’s Last Resort.- 6. Color Perception: A Counterexample.- VI. Phenomenalism.- 1. Classical Phenomenalism: Mill.- 2. Varieties of Phenomenalism: Hume.- 3. Phenomenalism and Logical Constructions: Russell.- 4. Phenomenalism: A Budget of Difficulties.- 5. The Anomaly of Phenomenalism.