Digital Transformation of Identity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

ISBN-13: 9789811522505 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 286 str.

Kazuhiko Shibuya

Spis treści

1. Digital Social Science

1.1 What does the advanced Technology mean for human-being?

1.1.1 When AI excesses the Leader of the Primates

1.1.2 Big-data accumulates everything

1.2 The Sign of Latent Risks

1.2.1 How Can We depict a Good Future opened by advanced technologies?

1.2.2 Asilomar Conference on Beneficial AI

1.3 Grounding in the Actuality

1.3.1 Grounding between Technologies and Thought

1.3.2 Brief Historical Perspective of Digital Progress

1.4 What is a Role of digital social science in those contexts?

1.4.1 Definition of Digital Social Science and its Vector

1.4.2 Sociological Taxonomy

1.4.3 Interdisciplinary Taxonomy

References

2. Investigating Identity

2.1 Lexical Definitions

2.1.1 From Personality Science

2.1.2 From Sociological Context

2.1.3 AI and Agents

2.2 Preconditions for Identity

2.2.1 Preconditions

2.2.2 Civil Law rules on AI and Robotics in EU

2.3 Identity and its areas in digitized society

2.4 Methodologies for Identity in digitized society

References

3. Identity Ambiguity

3.1 Communications with the others

3.1.1 The Self encounters the others

3.1.2 Empathy for the others

3.2 Physical-body contact and Interconnected online contact

3.2.1 A Case: the Question for life

3.2.2 Existence of the Others

3.2.3 Other Existence as Intruder to My Space and Time

3.3 Identity as existence and representation

3.4 Dignity for Human-Being

3.4.1 Difference between Artefact and Human

3.4.1.1 Extensional Artefact of Body

3.4.1.2 Dignity

3.4.2 Barriers against Ethical Misconducts by AI

3.4.3 Trustful AI

References

4. Identity Valuation

4.1 Earning Money by Big-Data

4.2 Scoring a value of your life

4.2.1 Your Digitized Scores by the AI

4.2.1.1 Scoring Services

4.2.1.2 On Value

4.2.1.3 Theories on Value

4.2.2 Internalizing the External Moral Standard through Scoring

4.2.2.1 Internalizing Value among Citizens

4.2.2.2 An Example of Social Simulation on Dominant Influence of the Value

4.2.3 Working for the Ethical Rules and Economic Valuation

4.3 Distinction: Random Selection or Modified Life

4.3.1 Genetic Therapy and its Value for Life

4.3.2 Genome Editing and Modification of Life

4.3.3 Sociological Criticisms

4.3.4 Value Chains beyond Family and Individuals

4.4 AI Optimizing Economic Satisfactions for Medical Services

4.5 Regaining Priceless Value of own Identity

References

5. Identity Protection

5.1 Identity Management in social context

5.2 What Data Should be protected?

5.2.1 Individual

5.2.1.1 Level 0: Sensibility on somewhat data by physical contacts

5.2.1.2 Level 1: Identification data for publicly intercommunications

5.2.1.3 Level 2: Protection as the way for access controls on privacy and sensitive private data

5.2.1.4 Level 3: Guarding private data of each individual by any external attacks in daily living

5.2.1.5 Level 4: Protections for the private rights to manage each physical-body and its parts

5.2.2 Enterprises

5.2.3 Nations

5.2.4 DataBase Management and Data Base Protection

5.3 Information Bank

5.4 Block Chain and Its Distributed Database

5.5 Rule of Conduct for Auhthority in Medical Data

5.6 Risk Management on Identity

5.6.1 Online harms and Reputation Management for each Individual

5.6.2 Identity Theft

5.6.3 Leaking Privacy

5.6.4 Unintentional Usages of Privacy

References

6. Identity Proof

6.1 Proving Evidence

6.2 Proving What You Are

6.2.1 Ciphering and Encoding

6.2.2 Signaling

6.2.3 Interactive Zero-Knowledge Proof in depth

6.3 The Monty Hall Problem with Interactive zero-knowledge proof

6.3.1 Procedure

6.3.2 Applicability Online

6.4 Discussion on model

References

7. Identity Deception

7.1 Detecting Deceptions

7.2 Dyad Interactions for Anti-Deceptions: A Perspective from difference equations

7.2.1 Anomaly Detection in Interaction

7.2.2 Agent-Based Dyad Interaction

7.2.3 Applying For Deception Detection

7.2.4 Discussion on model

7.3 Social Intelligence against Deceptive Interaction

7.3.1 A Game of Werewolf

7.3.2 Detection vs Deception

7.4 Deception Technology by Generative Adversarial Machine Learning

References

8. Social Identification

8.1 Needs of Rethought for Social Identification

8.2 Sociocultural Backgrounds of National Identity

8.3 Uncertainty Reduction in Social Group and Culture

8.3.1 Collectivism and Individualism

8.3.2 Social Uncertainty

8.3.3 Group Identification in Uncertainty

8.3.4 Culture as System and Social Uncertainty

8.4 Self-Consciousness and Identity

8.4.1 Self-Consciousness and Self-Regulation

8.4.2 Shared Group Belief as Identification

8.4.3 Social Trust, Group Identification and Self-Consciousness

8.5 Sharing Place and History for Social Identity

8.6 National Identity and Social media

References

9. Collective Identity

9.1 Collective Dynamics and Mobility

9.1.1 Collective Dynamics of Human Behavior

9.1.2 Modality on Human-Behavior

9.1.2.1 A Possibility of Ubiquitous Computation

9.1.2.2 Measuring Dynamics in City

9.3 Modeling Mobility Flow and Dynamics

9.3.1 Geospatial Informatics on Mobility Flow

9.3.2 The law of migration

9.3.3 Mathematical Models of Mobility in Socioeconomic Issues

9.3.4 Gravity Model

9.3.5 Spatial Autocorrelation

9.4 Immigration Dynamics crossing Nations

9.4.1 The World History as Collective Immigration

9.4.2 What is the meaning of ‘Arab Spring’?

9.4.3 Migration Crises: As One of the World Affairs

9.5 Simulation of Migration by Deferred Acceptance Algorithm

9.5.1 Basic Scenario

9.5.2 Matching Algorithm

9.5.3 AHP

9.5.4 Exploring the Route by Genetic Algorithm

9.5.5 Running Simulation

9.5.6 Conclusion of Simulation

References

10. Networked Identity

10.1 Synchronizing Networked Identities

10.2 Synchronization In Networking

10.2.1 A Moment of Truth against Reality Lost

10.2.2 Social Movement and Collective Protests all over the Worlds

10.2.3 Greater Disaster

10.3 Infuluencers’ Power in Social Networking

10.3.1 Social Influences of Power

10.3.2 Power holder and Followers

10.3.3 Algorithm

10.3.3.1 Networked clusters

10.3.3.2 Homophily Model

10.3.3.3 Convergence of Opinions

10.3.3.4 Percolation in Spatial Graph

10.4 Estimating Activities Online

10.4.1 Wireless Sensing System

10.4.2 Image Analysis by Artificial Intelligence

10.4.3 Remote Sensing

10.4.4 Estimation of Online Participants

10.5 An Aspect of National Identity

10.5.1 Emerging Bit-Nation

10.5.2 Digital Transformation against the National Border

10.5.3 Rewiring International Orders

References

11. Identity Health

11.1 Digital Society and Health

11.1.1 Addiction Online

11.1.2 Medical Data analysis

11.1.3 A Case of the World Pandemic Flu at 2009

11.1.3.1 The Humankind and Diseases

11.1.3.2 Coincidences between Online and Offline Trends?

11.2 Identity Crisis

11.2.1 Disasters in the Big-Data Age

11.2.2 A Case of Fukushima Disaster

11.2.3 Victims of the Fukushima

11.2.4 Caring for Victims and their Community

11.3 Monitoring Health in Daily Life

11.3.1 Working In Digital Era

11.3.2 Quality of Life

11.4 Therapy for Human By AI

11.4.1 Therapy for Identity in both personal and social level

11.4.2 Theory of Mind: the nature of Understanding myself and the others

11.4.3 Assistance by the AI and Robots

References

12. Identity History

12.1 An Insight History on Life and Death

12.2 Reconsidering Life on Historical Perspective

12.2.1 Two Meanings of Time

12.2.2 Evaluating Present Time and Future

12.3 Big-data of ‘I’

12.3.1 How does estimate the Data Volume of ‘I’?

12.3.2 A Case of the Three Watsons

12.3.3 Sharing each lifelog as Human-History

12.4 Histories in Simulations

12.5 Forensics

12.5.1 Needs for digital forensics for identification

12.5.2 Revealing Original Writer

12.5.3 Archiving Memorials

12.6 Irreversibility

12.6.1 Pandora Box

12.6.2 What If Human-Being gains Immortality

12.6.2.1 Ethics: from the God to the Human-Being

12.6.2.2 Ethical Issues against immortality

12.6.2.3 Devaluation on Life of the Human-Being

12.6.2.4 Prolonged Working Life

12.6.2.5 Ewig Wiederkehren

12.6.3 Precautionary Principle and Imaginations against Potential Problems

References

13. General Discussion

13.1 Historical Necessity and Certainty

13.2 Latent Threats of AI

13.2.1 AI Threats

13.2.2 The Cases of Threats by AI

13.2.3 Further points 281

13.3 A Coexistence Possibility Theorem and its Limit

13.3.1 Proof

13.3.2 Balance and Equilibrium

13.3.3 National Security and Warfare

13.3.4 Symmetry Breaking between the Humankind and the AI

13.3.5 Barrier against Logical Weakness

13.3.6 Cooperation Beyond The Difference

13.3.6.1 Cooperation Possibility

13.3.6.2 The Significance for Grounding in Practical Solutions

13.3.7 Inequality in Social Welfare and Utility

13.4 Manipulatable Minds

13.4.1 Information Manipulation

13.4.2 Emerging Sharp Power

13.4.3 Becoming Citizens as Mercenary by Manipulations of Social Media

13.4.4 Education for Citizens in the Digitized Democratic Society

13.5 Democracy in the Age of AI

13.5.1 Democratic Enforcement

13.5.2 A Lone King of the lone Kingdom

13.5.2.1 Why Revolutions matters in the Digital World?

13.5.2.2 Social Media 309

13.5.2.3 Misleading Signals on Democracy by Social Media against Citizens

13.5.2.4 Lone King: the Projecting Excessive Identity

13.5.2.5 The AI and King

13.5.2.6 Enlightenment

13.6 Working with AI? Either Worked by AI or…?

13.6.1 Working or Learning

13.6.2 Self-Actualization

13.7 Antinomy and Scenario Analysis

13.7.1 Antinomy Analysis on Scenario Based Model

13.7.2 Environmental Factors

13.7.3 China’s Demography Control and Technology Progress

13.7.4 AI Tyranny

13.7.5 Game Changer

13.7.6 Sub Specie Aeternitatis

13.8 Beyond Singularity

References

14. Conclusion

References

Further Web Sites

Further Researches (e.g. Universities, Associations)

Appendix

An Example of R code on Interactive Dyad Dynamics

Index

O autorze

Dr Kazuhiko Shibuya is an Associate Professor at the Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan. He majored in Computational Social Science, which focuses on social science studies using computational techniques in wide areas such as advanced information technologies, science research policy (including Science and Technology Studies (STS)), digitized data analysis, sustainable environment policy, disaster resilience studies and comprehensive risk studies.

Blurb

This book examines the digital transformation of identity in the age of artificial intelligence. It articulates the nature of identity of human beings, based on cutting-edge knowledge in the field of AI and big-data sciences, and discusses identity by drawing on comprehensive investigations in digital social sciences and exploring wider disciplines related to philosophy, ethics, sociology, STS, computer sciences, engineering, and medical sciences. Reviewing contemporary conditions proliferated by advanced technological trends and unveiling social mechanisms of human identity, this book appeals to undergraduate and graduate  students as well as academic researchers.