Differentiable Manifolds: Forms, Currents, Harmonic Forms

ISBN-13: 9783642617546 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 170 str.

Georges De Rham; F. R. Smith; S. S. Chern

Opis

In this work, I have attempted to give a coherent exposition of the theory of differential forms on a manifold and harmonic forms on a Riemannian space. The concept of a current, a notion so general that it includes as special cases both differential forms and chains, is the key to understanding how the homology properties of a manifold are immediately evident in the study of differential forms and of chains. The notion of distribution, introduced by L. Schwartz, motivated the precise definition adopted here. In our terminology, distributions are currents of degree zero, and a current can be considered as a differential form for which the coefficients are distributions. The works of L. Schwartz, in particular his beautiful book on the Theory of Distributions, have been a very great asset in the elaboration of this work. The reader however will not need to be familiar with these. Leaving aside the applications of the theory, I have restricted myself to considering theorems which to me seem essential and I have tried to present simple and complete of these, accessible to each reader having a minimum of mathematical proofs background. Outside of topics contained in all degree programs, the knowledge of the most elementary notions of general topology and tensor calculus and also, for the final chapter, that of the Fredholm theorem, would in principle be adequate.

Spis treści

I. Notions About Manifolds.- §1. The Notion of a Manifold and a Differentiable Structure.- §2. Partition of Unity. Functions on Product Spaces.- §3. Maps and Imbeddings of Manifolds.- II. Differential Forms.- §4. Differential Forms of Even Type.- §5. Differential Forms of Odd Type. Orientation of Manifolds and Maps.- §6. Chains. Stokes’ Formula.- §7. Double Forms.- III. Currents.- §8. Definition of Currents.- §9. The Vector Spaces E, D, Ep, and Dp.- §10. The Vector Spaces D´, E´, D´p, and E´p.- §11. Boundary of a Current. Image of a Current by a Map.- §12. Double Currents.- §13. Transformations of Double Forms and Currents by a Map.- §14. Homotopy Formulas.- §15. Regularization.- §16. Operators Associated with a Double Current.- §17. Reflexitivity of E and D. Regular Operators and Regularizing Operators.- IV. Homologies.- §18. Homology Groups.- §19. Homologies in IRn.- §20. The Kronecker Index.- §21. Homologies Between Forms and Chains in a Manifold Endowed with a Polyhedral Subdivision.- §22. Duality in a Manifold Endowed with a Polyhedral Subdivision.- §23. Duality in Any Differentiable Manifold.- V. Harmonic Forms.- §24. Riemannian Spaces. Adjoint Form.- §25. The Metric Transpose of an Operator. The Operators ? and ?.- §26. Expressions of the Operators d, ?, and ? Using Covariant Derivatives.- §27. Properties of the Geodesic Distance.- §28. The Parametrix.- §29. The Regularity of Harmonic Currents.- §30. The Local Study of the Equation ??= ?. Elementary Kernels.- §31. The Equation ?S = T on a Compact Space. The Operators H and G.- §32. The Decomposition Formula in a Non-Compact Space.- §33. Explicit Formula for the Kronecker Index.- §34. The Analyticity of Harmonic Forms.- §35. Square Summable Harmonic Forms on a Complete Riemannian Space.- List of Notation.