Diagnostic Imaging in Hemophilia: Musculoskeletal and Other Hemorrhagic Complications

ISBN-13: 9781447113744 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 150 str.

H. Pettersson; M. S. Gilbert

Opis

During recent decades there has been a revolutionary change in the life expectancy and quality of life of the hemophiliac. This has been achieved by hematologic and c1inical research, and the future for the hemophiliac depends upon further medical knowledge and research. In spite of the dramatically improved life situation of hemophiliacs, hemorrhagic complications remain a threat. The hemorrhagic disorder may influence and/or aggravate the course of trauma or other diseases in these patients. Hemophiliacs suffering from hemorrhagic complications or eligible for elective surgery should be referred to Hemophilia Treatment and Training Centers, where evaluation and examination are performed by a multidisciplinary team with experience and interest in the disease. The radio10gist is an important member ofthis team. In the past diagnostic imaging has been based mainly on conventional radiography, and this is still very important for the diagnosis ofhemophilic complications, but the diagnostic imaging of today offers a wide range of modalities-conventional radiography, computed tomography, sonography, radionuc1ide imaging, and, in its infancy, magnetic resonance imaging. Thus there is a need for a thorough description of the potential and limitations ofthese modern diagnostic techniques.

Spis treści

1 The Disease.- Hematologic Considerations—Past and Present.- Definition.- Clinical Symptoms.- Development of Modern Treatment.- Complications of Therapy.- Inhibitors.- Immune Hemolysis.- Viral Transmission.- Immune Complexes.- AIDS.- Recent Advances.- General References.- Demography.- Hemophilia in Sweden.- Hemophilia in Other Countries.- References.- 2 Diagnostic Imaging Modalities.- Conventional Radiography.- Xeroradiography.- Computed Tomography.- Scintimetry.- Ultrasonography.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Possible Complications Caused by the Examinations.- References.- 3 Hemophilic Arthropathy.- Clinical Considerations.- Clinical Course.- Involvement of Different Joints.- Pathology.- Diagnostic Imaging.- Conventional Radiography.- General Changes.- Changes Typical for Specific Joints.- Other Diagnostic Modalities.- Classification of Hemophilic Arthropathy.- Previous Classifications.- The Classification Recommended by the Orthopedic Advisory Committee of the World Federation of Hemophilia.- Clinical Evaluation.- Radiologic Evaluation.- Examples of Use of the Radiologic Classification.- The Relevance of the Radiologic Classification.- The State of the Joint in Terms of the Clinical and Radiologic Evaluation.- References.- 4 Hemophilic Synovitis.- Clinical Findings.- Diagnostic Imaging.- References.- 5 Soft Tissue Bleeding.- Clinical Considerations.- Signs and Symptoms.- Pathology.- Sequelae.- Contracture.- Peripheral Neuropathy.- Pseudotumor Formation.- Specific Sites of Involvement.- Iliopsoas Muscle.- Gastrocnemius Muscle.- Forearm.- Diagnostic Imaging.- The Hemorrhage and Its Resolution.- Ultrasonography.- Computed Tomography.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Sequelae.- References.- 6 The Hemophilic Pseudotumor.- Definition.- The Adult.- Clinical Considerations.- Pathology.- Diagnostic Imaging.- Conventional Radiography.- Computed Tomography.- Protocol.- The Child.- Clinical Considerations.- Diagnostic Imaging.- References.- 7 Fractures.- Incidence.- Site of Fracture and Severity of Trauma.- Bleeding.- Union.- Psuedotumor Formation.- References.- 8 The Central Nervous System.- Intracranial Hemorrhage.- Clinical Aspects.- Diagnostic Imaging.- Cerebral Angiography.- Computed Tomography.- Diagnostic Protocol for Head Trauma or Suspected Intracranial Hemorrhage.- Intraspinal Hemorrhage.- References.- 9 The Neck and Chest.- The Neck.- The Chest.- References.- 10 The Abdomen and Urinary Tract.- Gastrointestinal Tract.- Clinical Aspects.- Diagnostic Imaging.- Liver and Spleen.- The Urinary Tract.- Clinical Aspects.- Diagnostic Imaging.- References.