Developments in 3D Geo-Information Sciences

ISBN-13: 9783642261091 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 219 str.

Opis

Realistically representing our three-dimensional world has been the subject of many (philosophical) discussions since ancient times. While the recognition of the globular shape of the Earth goes back to Pythagoras' statements of the sixth century B. C., the two-dimensional, circular depiction of the Earth's surface has remained prevailing and also dominated the art of painting until the late Middle Ages. Given the immature technological means, objects on the Earth's surface were often represented in academic and technical disciplines by two-dimensional cross-sections oriented along combinations of three mutually perpendicular directions. As soon as computer science evolved, scientists have steadily been improving the three-dimensional representation of the Earth and developed techniques to analyze the many natural processes and phenomena taking part on its surface. Both computer aided design (CAD) and geographical information systems (GIS) have been developed in parallel during the last three decades. While the former concentrates more on the detailed design of geometric models of object shapes, the latter emphasizes the topological relationships between geographical objects and analysis of spatial patterns. Nonetheless, this distinction has become increasingly blurred and both approaches have been integrated into commercial software packages. In recent years, an active line of inquiry has emerged along the junctures of CAD and GIS, viz. 3D geoinformation science. Studies along this line have recently made significant inroads in terms of 3D modeling and data acquisition.

This book covers various aspects of 3D geoinformation regarding data acquisition, modeling, analysis, management, visualization and technology. In recent years, a wide range of 3D models have been developed including voxels, tetrahedral networks (TEN), constructive solid geometry (CSG) and boundary representation (B-rep), and new data collection techniques have emerged, such as mobile mapping and laser scanning. In light of these developments, this book brings together some of the latest achievements in the realm of 3D geoinformation. It comprises a selection of high-quality papers that were presented at the 4th International Workshop on 3D geoinformation. The book is aimed at a broad range of academics and practitioners interested in the 3D component of geographical information science including GIscientists, land surveyors, computer engineers, photogrammetrists, urban planners, archaeologists and cartographers.

Spis treści

1. Euler Operators and Navigation of Multi-Shell Building Models, 2. True-3D Visualization of Glacier Retreat in the Dachstein Massif, Austria: Hard- and Softcopy Displays, 3. Towards Advanced and Interactive Web Perspective View Services, 4. Interactive Modelling of Building in Google Earth, 5. An Experimentation of Expert Systems Applied to 3D Geological Models Construction, 6. Data Validation in a 3D Cadastre, 6. From Three-Dimensional Topological Relations to Contact Relations, 7. Needs and Potential of 3D City Information and Sensor Fusion Technologies for Vehicle Positioning in Urban Environments, 8. Modelling Visibility through Visual Landmarks in 3D Navigation using Geo-DBMS, 9. A 3D Inclusion Test on large Dataset, 10. 3D Volumetric Soft Geo-objects for Dynamic Urban Runoff Simulation