Design and Analysis of Composite Structures: With Applications to Aerospace Structures

ISBN-13: 9781118401606 / Angielski / Twarda / 2013 / 416 str.

Christos Kassapoglou

Opis

New edition updated with additional exercises and two new chapters. Design and Analysis of Composite Structures: With Applications to Aerospace Structures, 2nd Edition builds on the first edition and includes two new chapters on composite fittings and the design of a composite panel, as well additional exercises. The book enables graduate students and engineers to generate meaningful and robust designs of complex composite structures. A compilation of analysis and design methods for structural components made of advanced composites, it begins with simple parts such as skins and stiffeners and progresses through to applications such as entire components of fuselages and wings. It provides a link between theory and day-to-day design practice, using theory to derive solutions that are applicable to specific structures and structural details used in industry. Starting with the basic mathematical derivation followed by simplifications used in real-world design, Design and Analysis of Composite Structures: With Applications to Aerospace Structures, 2nd Edition presents the level of accuracy and range of applicability of each method along with design guidelines derived from experience combined with analysis. The author solves in detail examples taken from actual applications to show how the concepts can be applied, solving the same design problem with different methods based on different drivers (e.g. cost or weight) to show how the final configuration changes as the requirements and approach change. Each chapter is followed by exercises that represent specific design problems often encountered in the aerospace industry but which are also applicable in the in the automotive, marine, and construction industries.

• Updated to include additional exercises, that represent real design problems encountered in the aerospace industry, but which are also applicable in the in the automotive, marine, and construction industries.
• Includes two new chapters. One on composite fittings and another on application and the design of a composite panel.
• Provides a toolkit of analysis and design methods that enable engineers and graduate students to generate meaningful and robust designs of complex composite structures.
• Provides solutions that can be used in optimization schemes without having to run finite element models at each iteration; thus speeding up the design process and allowing the examination of many more alternatives than traditional approaches.
• Supported by a complete set of lecture slides and solutions to the exercises hosted on a companion website for instructors.

An invaluable resource for Engineers and graduate students in aerospace engineering as well as Graduate students and engineers in mechanical, civil and marine engineering.

New edition updated with additional exercises and two new chapters. Design and Analysis of Composite Structures: With Applications to Aerospace Structures, 2nd Edition builds on the first edition and includes two new chapters on composite fittings and the design of a composite panel, as well additional exercises.

Recenzje

"Nevertheless, this book is an important contri-bution to the field and will provide a useful aid to postgraduate aerostructural engineers." ( The Aeronautical Journal , 1 June 2014)

Spis treści

About the Author xi

Series Preface xiii

Preface to First Edition xv

Preface to Second Edition xix

1 Applications of Advanced Composites in Aircraft Structures 1

References 7

2 Cost of Composites: a Qualitative Discussion 9

2.1 Recurring Cost 10

2.2 Nonrecurring Cost 18

2.3 Technology Selection 20

2.4 Summary and Conclusions 27

Exercises 30

References 31

3 Review of Classical Laminated Plate Theory 33

3.1 Composite Materials: Definitions, Symbols and Terminology 33

3.2 Constitutive Equations in Three Dimensions 35

3.2.1 Tensor Transformations 38

3.3 Constitutive Equations in Two Dimensions: Plane Stress 40

Exercises 52

References 53

4 Review of Laminate Strength and Failure Criteria 55

4.1 Maximum Stress Failure Theory 57

4.2 Maximum Strain Failure Theory 58

4.3 Tsai Hill Failure Theory 58

4.4 Tsai Wu Failure Theory 59

4.5 Puck Failure Theory 59

4.6 Other Failure Theories 61

References 62

5 Composite Structural Components and Mathematical Formulation 65

5.1 Overview of Composite Airframe 65

5.1.1 The Structural Design Process: The Analyst s Perspective 66

5.1.2 Basic Design Concept and Process/Material Considerations for Aircraft Parts 71

5.1.3 Sources of Uncertainty: Applied Loads, Usage and Material Scatter 74

5.1.3.1 Knowledge of Applied Loads 75

5.1.3.2 Variability in Usage 75

5.1.3.3 Material Scatter 75

5.1.4 Environmental Effects 77

5.1.5 Effect of Damage 78

5.1.6 Design Values and Allowables 80

5.1.7 Additional Considerations of the Design Process 83

5.2 Governing Equations 84

5.2.1 Equilibrium Equations 84

5.2.2 Stress Strain Equations 86

5.2.3 Strain Displacement Equations 87

5.2.4 von Karman Anisotropic Plate Equations for Large Deflections 88

5.3 Reductions of Governing Equations: Applications to Specific Problems 94

5.3.1 Composite Plate under Localized In–Plane Load 94

5.3.2 Composite Plate under Out–of–Plane Point Load 105

5.4 Energy Methods 108

5.4.1 Energy Expressions for Composite Plates 109

5.4.1.1 Internal Strain Energy U 110

5.4.1.2 External Work W 113

Exercises 115

References 122

6 Buckling of Composite Plates 125

6.1 Buckling of Rectangular Composite Plate under Biaxial Loading 125

6.2 Buckling of Rectangular Composite Plate under Uniaxial Compression 129

6.2.1 Uniaxial Compression, Three Sides Simply Supported, One Side Free 131

6.3 Buckling of Rectangular Composite Plate under Shear 133

6.4 Buckling of Long Rectangular Composite Plates under Shear 136

6.5 Buckling of Rectangular Composite Plates under Combined Loads 138

6.6 Design Equations for Different Boundary Conditions and Load Combinations 145

Exercises 145

References 152

7 Post–Buckling 153

7.1 Post–Buckling Analysis of Composite Panels under Compression 157

7.1.1 Application: Post–Buckled Panel under Compression 165

7.2 Post–Buckling Analysis of Composite Plates under Shear 168

7.2.1 Post–Buckling of Stiffened Composite Panels under Shear 172

7.2.1.1 Application: Post–Buckled Stiffened Fuselage Skin under Shear 177

7.2.2 Post–Buckling of Stiffened Composite Panels under Combined Uniaxial and Shear Loading 180

Exercises 181

References 187

8 Design and Analysis of Composite Beams 189

8.1 Cross–Section Definition Based on Design Guidelines 189

8.2 Cross–Sectional Properties 193

8.3 Column Buckling 199

8.4 Beam on an Elastic Foundation under Compression 200

8.5 Crippling 205

8.5.1 One–Edge–Free (OEF) Crippling 207

8.5.2 No–Edge–Free (NEF) Crippling 211

8.5.3 Crippling under Bending Loads 214

8.5.3.1 Application: Stiffener Design under Bending Loads 215

8.5.4 Crippling of Closed–Section Beams 219

8.6 Importance of Radius Regions at Flange Intersections 219

8.7 Inter–Rivet Buckling of Stiffener Flanges 222

8.8 Application: Analysis of Stiffeners in a Stiffened Panel under Compression 227

Exercises 230

References 235

9 Skin Stiffened Structure 237

9.1 Smearing of Stiffness Properties (Equivalent Stiffness) 237

9.1.1 Equivalent Membrane Stiffnesses 237

9.1.2 Equivalent Bending Stiffnesses 239

9.2 Failure Modes of a Stiffened Panel 241

9.2.1 Local Buckling (between Stiffeners) versus Overall Panel Buckling (the Panel Breaker Condition) 242

9.2.1.1 Global Buckling = Local Buckling (Compression Loading) 243

9.2.1.2 Stiffener Buckling = PB × Buckling of Skin between Stiffeners (Compression Loading) 246

9.2.1.3 Example 249

9.2.2 Skin Stiffener Separation 250

9.3 Additional Considerations for Stiffened Panels 265

9.3.1 Pinching of Skin 265

9.3.2 Co–curing versus Bonding versus Fastening 266

Exercises 267

References 272

10 Sandwich Structure 275

10.1 Sandwich Bending Stiffnesses 276

10.2 Buckling of Sandwich Structure 278

10.2.1 Buckling of Sandwich under Compression 278

10.2.2 Buckling of Sandwich under Shear 280

10.2.3 Buckling of Sandwich under Combined Loading 281

10.3 Sandwich Wrinkling 281

10.3.1 Sandwich Wrinkling under Compression 282

10.3.2 Sandwich Wrinkling under Shear 293

10.3.3 Sandwich Wrinkling under Combined Loads 293

10.4 Sandwich Crimping 295

10.4.1 Sandwich Crimping under Compression 295

10.4.2 Sandwich Crimping under Shear 295

10.5 Sandwich Intracellular Buckling (Dimpling) under Compression 296

10.6 Attaching Sandwich Structures 296

10.6.1 Core Ramp–Down Regions 297

10.6.2 Alternatives to Core Ramp–Down 299

Exercises 301

References 306

11 Composite Fittings 309

11.1 Challenges in Creating Cost– and Weight–Efficient Composite Fittings 309

11.2 Basic Fittings 311

11.2.1 Clips 311

11.2.1.1 Tension Clips 311

11.2.1.2 Shear Clips 322

11.2.2 Lugs 328

11.2.2.1 Lug under Axial Loads 328

11.2.2.2 Lug under Transverse Loads 333

11.2.2.3 Lug under Oblique (Combined) Loads 337

11.3 Other Fittings 339

11.3.1 Bathtub Fittings 339

11.3.2 Root Fittings 340

Exercises 340

References 341

12 Good Design Practices and Design Rules of Thumb 343

12.1 Layup/Stacking Sequence–related 343

12.2 Loading and Performance–related 344

12.3 Guidelines Related to Environmental Sensitivity and Manufacturing Constraints 345

12.4 Configuration and Layout–related 347

Exercises 348

References 349

13 Application Design of a Composite Panel 351

13.1 Monolithic Laminate 351

13.2 Stiffened Panel Design 362

13.3 Sandwich Design 373

13.4 Cost Considerations 381

13.5 Comparison and Discussion 382

References 385

Index 387

O autorze

Christos Kassapoglou – Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

Blurb

Design and Analysis of Composite Structures: With Applications to Aerospace Structures, Second Edition provides a series of analysis and design methods for composite structures. It focuses on the development of analysis techniques that can be used in the context of preliminary design of composite structures. The methods provided can be used to perform trade studies to determine the effect of different design variables on the strength, stiffness, weight or cost of composite structures. The analysis methods are used to obtain design guidelines and to explain traditional design rules being used in the aerospace industry. The limitations and range of applicability of each method are also provided. 

Key features of this second edition: 

• Enhanced with the addition of composite fittings with analysis and design methods for clips and lugs, and a detailed application of a composite skin designed using three different design concepts
• The weight and cost implications of the different geometries and various design decisions associated with how to stiffen the panel to be designed and which fabrication method(s) to use, are discussed in   detail
• An App called CoDeAn (Composites Design and Analysis) has been created for this book. Most of the analysis methods and equations in the book are available to the App user in an efficient and user–   friendly way ranging from material creation to analysis of different failure modes of a composite structure
• Discusses design guidelines in detail and provides methods to develop robust, accurate preliminary designs
• Real life applications are explained and analyzed in detail. End of chapter exercises using these applications are also included
• Accompanied by a website hosting lecture slides and solutions for instructors 

Design and Analysis of Composite Structures: With Applications to Aerospace Structures, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference for graduate students, researchers and practitioners in Aerospace Engineering and other engineering disciplines.