Design Computing: An Overview of an Emergent Field

ISBN-13: 9781138930971 / Angielski / Miękka / 2016 / 202 str.

Brian Robert Johnson

Opis

Design Computing will help you understand the rapidly evolving relationship between computing, designers, and the many different environments they create or work in. The book introduces the topic of design computing, and covers the basics of hardware and software, so you don't need to be an expert. Topics include the fundamentals of digital representation, programming and interfaces for design; the shifting landscape of opportunity and expectation in practice and pedagogy; placing sensors in buildings to measure performance; and the challenge of applying information effectively in design. The book also includes additional reading for those who wish to dig deeper into the subject. Design Computing will provide you with a greater awareness of the issues that permeate the field, opportunities for you to investigate, and perhaps motivation to push the boundaries.

Spis treści

Foreword  Preface  Acknowledgements  1. Introduction  Design Computing: An Uneasy Juxtaposition  The Built Environment  Design  Computing  Design Computing  Summary  Suggested Reading  References  Part 1: Starting Points  2. Models  Symbolic Models  Finite Element Models  Statistical Models  Analogue Models  Sources of Error  Summary  References  3. The Built Environment  Curators of the Environment  The Missing Productivity Gains  The Internet of Things  AEC Data  Summary  Suggested Reading  References  4. Thinking Inside the Box  Virtuality is Real  Computer Memory is Lumpy  Computer Memory is Sequential  Code: Representing Thought  Standard Representations  Files and Directories  Summary  Suggested Reading  References  5. Doing What Designers Do  Graphics  3D Graphics: data + algorithm  Applications Across the Building Lifecycle  Operation  Summary  Suggested Reading  References  Part 2: The Grand Challenges  6. Design Problems: What are they?  Defining the Problem  Design Spaces  Puzzle Making  The Importance of Problem Definition  The Problem of Solutions  Summary  Suggested Reading  References  7. Cognition: How Designers Think  Designing as Process  The Role of Memory  The Roles of Certainty, Ambiguity, Emergence and Flow  Design as Social Action  Tools Interact with Cognition  Summary  Suggested Reading  References  8. Representation: Capturing Design  Representation and Cognition  Common Representations and their Problems  Alternative Representations  Challenges to the Single-model Concept  Conversion between Representations  The Round-tripping Problem  Summary  Suggested Reading  References  9. Interface: Where the action is  The Interactive Paradigm  Deciphering Intent: small screens, shaky hands & fat fingers  Where the action is  New technology, emergent opportunities  Ubiquitous Computing  Summary  Suggested Reading  References  10. Practice: Data, Documents and Power  The challenge of doing ethical work  The productivity challenge  Construction process changes  Information Value: sources and sinks  Good Data: finding and keeping what you need  Access to Data: managing focus  Computable designs  Facility management  Process, Representation & Human organization  The Decline of Typical Conditions  Big Data: design v. form-finding  Research, Development and Continuous Learning  Summary  Suggested Reading  References  11. Expertise: Challenges and Opportunities  Architects are generalists  Asking the right questions at the right time  Drawings are never complete  Expertise and the Framing Problem  Consultants and the Round-trip Problem  Growth and change  Harvesting and Feeding Leaf-node knowledge  Summary  Suggested Reading  References  12. Solutions: Generation and Refinement  The existence of solutions  Incremental Improvement: sweat-stained design  Objective Functions  Solution by inspection  State space neighborhoods  Selecting Design Moves  Evaluation (comparing apples and oranges)  Stopping rules  The creative machine  The creative designer  Summary  Suggested Reading  References  13. Buildings: Computation Sources and Sinks  Efficient Production  Beyond the thermostat and the water cooler  Managing resource use  Big cities, big data and the effort to get smart Virtuality and buildings  Summary  Suggested Reading  References  14. Pedagogy: Teaching the New Designer  Digital Natives vs. Digital Immigrants  The collapsing options model  What to teach?  Summary  References

O autorze

Brian R. Johnson, Associate Professor of Architecture and Director of the Design Machine Group at the University of Washington, is also past president and recipient of two Awards of Excellence from the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA). His 35-year teaching career has witnessed the emergence of design computing.