Currents in High-Energy Astrophysics

ISBN-13: 9789401041126 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 336 str.

M. M. Shapiro;Rein Silberberg;John P. Wefel

Opis

This volume comprises selected lectures presented in the Ninth Course of the International School ofCosmic-Ray Astrophysics held at the Ettore Majorana Centre in Erice, Sicily, May 7-18,1994. Director ofthe Centre is A. Zichichi, assisted by M. Zaini. Director ofthe School is M. M. Shapiro. 1. P. Wefel was co-director of the Ninth Course, which was also a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI), and NATO support is gratefully acknowledged. Devoted to problems and prospects in high-energy astrophysics and cosmology, the major areas explored in this course were: gamma-ray, X-ray, and neutrino astronomies; cosmic rays; pulsars and supernova remnants; and cosmology, as well as cosmogony. Among the principal developments in gamma-ray astrophysics were those generated by the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. Cosmic neutrinos at MeV energies, i.e., those from the sun and from Supernova 1987a, were discussed, as well as neutrino masses in astrophysics. The source composition ofcosmic rays, and extensive air shower experiments, received special attention. The early universe according to COBE data, and as viewed by theorists ofcosmology, was reviewed. Finally, the connections with particle physics occasioned a timely description ofthe Standard Model ofelementary particles.

Spis treści

Preface; M.M. Shapiro, R. Silberberg, J.P. Wefel. I: Cosmic Gamma Rays, X-Rays, and Neutrinos. The Sky as Viewed from the COMPTON Gamma-Ray Observatory; G. Kanbach. Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts; M. Baring. Gamma-Ray Production in the Winds of Wolf-Rayet Stars; P.J. Meintjes, G. Kanbach. Origin of High-Energy X-Ray Emission from NGC 253; O. Goldshmidt. Spectral and Temporal Variability in Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries; N.D. Kylafis. Solar and Supernova Neutrinos; T. Stanev. Neutrino Masses in Astrophysics; R. Ghandi. II: Cosmic Rays. Source Composition of Cosmic Rays and Models of Origin; R. Silberberg, C.H. Tsao, M.M. Shapiro. Some Highlights of the 1993 International Cosmic Ray Conference; R. Silberberg, C.H. Tsao. Recent Results from the Fly's Eye Experiment; D.J. Bird, et al. The High Resolution (Hi-Res) Fly's Eye Detector; D.J. Bird. The Hegra Experiment at La Palma; V. Fonseca. The Extensive Air-Shower Experiment in Tibet; M. Nishizawa. Production and Acceleration of Ultra-High-Energy Particles by Black Holes and Strings; C. Sivaram. Cosmic-Ray Nonlinear Effects in Space Plasma: 1. General Characteristics and Dynamic Galactic Halo. 2. Dynamic Heliosphere; L.I. Dorman. III: Pulsars and Supernova Remnants. Pulsars: Recent Results on their Physics and their Dynamics; F.G. Smith. Synchrotron and Inverse COMPTON Processes in Supernova Remnants; O.C. de Jager. IV: Cosmology. The Big Bang and the Infrared Sky as Seen by COBE; J.C. Mather. Inflation, the Top, and All That; Y. Ne'eman. Formation of Galaxies in a Dark-Matter Dominated Universe: a New Approach; P.G. Macedo, J.P.M. de Carvalho. New Ways in Cosmology: 1. Friedmann-Lemaitre Model Derived from the Lyman-Alpha Forest in Quasar Spectra. 2. Alternative Models for the Very Early Universe; H.J. Blome, W. Priester, J. Hoell. Subject Index. Author Index.