Cryocoolers 11

ISBN-13: 9781489944115 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 825 str.

Ronald G. Jr. Ross

Opis

Over the last two years we have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. One class of pulse tubes that has reached maturity is referred to as "Stirling type" because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; they generally provide cooling in the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate at frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. The other type of pulse tube cooler making great advances is the so-called "Gifford-McMahon type. " Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. Nearly a third of this proceedings covers these new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tubes is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials and Gifford-McMahon coolers. These technologies continue to make great progress in opening up the 2 - 4 K market. Also in the commercial sector, continued interest is being shown in the development of long-life, low-cost cryocoolers for the emerging high temperature superconductor electronics market, particularly the cellular telephone base-station market. At higher temperature levels, closed-cycle J-T or throttle-cycle refrigerators are taking advantage of mixed refrigerant gases, spearheaded in the former USSR, to achieve low-cost cr- cooler systems in the 65 - 80 K temperature range.

Spis treści

Government Cryocooler Development and Test Programs. Space Stirling Cryocooler Developments. Long Life Tactical, and Commercial Stirling Coolers. Long Life Commercial Pulse Tube Coolers. Space Pulse Tube Cryocooler Developments. GM-Type Pulse Tube Coolers for Low Temperatures. Hybrid Cryocoolers Using Pulse Tubes. Pulse Tube Analysis and Experimental Measurements. GM Refrigerator Developments. Regenerator Analysis and Materials Developments. Turbo-Brayton Cryocooler Developments. J-T and Throttle-Cycle Cryocooler Developments. Sorption Cryocooler Developments. Sub-Kelvin Refrigerator Developments. Optical Refrigeration Developments. Cryocooler Reliability Investigations and Analyses. Cryocooler Integration Technologies and Materials. Space Cryocooler Applications. Commercial Cryocooler Applications. Indexes.