Crops II

ISBN-13: 9783642735226 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 578 str.

Opis

The increasing use of biotechnology for the improvement of agricultural crop species has gained momentum, and recent developments (see Crops J) have shown beyond doubt the far-reaching implications of biotechnological approaches for future agricultural research and plant- breeding programs. The production of novel plants and somaclones showing resistance to pests, diseases, herbicides, and salt and the early release of disease-free as well as improved cultivars have become reality. The present volume comprises 31 chapters and deals with the impor- tance, distribution, conventional propagation, micropropagation, and methods for the in-vitro induction of genetic variability in various fruits, vegetables, grasses, and pasture crops such as grapes, strawberry, brambles, red raspberry, currants, gooseberry, kiwifruit, blueberry, cran- berry, cauliflower, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, cucumber, chico- ry, taro, rhubarb, lettuce, spinach, quinoa, kale, fescue, bromegrass, Ber- mudagrass, napier grass, foxtail millet, turtle grass and others. (The cere- als and other vegetable crops are discussed in Crops J, Vol. 2 of the series). Micropropagation of some fruit crops such as strawberry, grape, and raspberry is already being practiced on a large scale in various countries. Likewise, test-tube-derived plants of certain crops such as brassicas, let- tuce, and taro and improved pastures are being utilized, while the technology for mass propagation of certain other crops is being worked out. These recent developments emphasize the urgent need to arouse awareness among horticultural scientists and plant breeders to enable them to incorporate these modern innovative approaches into routine crop improvement programs.

Spis treści

Section I Fruit Crops.- I.1 Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.- I.2 Strawberries (Fragaria spp. and Hybrids).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusion and Prospects.- 4 Summary of Recommended Methods.- References.- I.3 Brambles (Rubus spp.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 Rubus Tissue Culture Media.- 3 Need to Incorporate In Vitro Techniques.- 4 Variability and Selection.- 5 Conclusions.- 6 Protocols for Tissue Culture ofRubus.- References.- I.4 Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusion and Prospects.- 4 Protocol for Micropropagation of Red Raspberry.- References.- I.5 Currants (Ribes spp.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.- 1.6 Gooseberry[Ribes uva-crispa (grossularia)].- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 1.7 Chinese Gooseberry, Kiwifruit(Actinidia spp.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- 1.8 Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 Blueberry Breeding.- 3 In Vitro Techniques with Blueberries.- 4 Summary.- References.- 1.9 Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.- Section II Vegetable Crops.- II.1 Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Other Studies.- 4 Summary and Protocol.- References.- II.2 Cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitata L.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- II.3 Brussels Sprout(Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) and Broccoli(B. oleracea var. italica).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.- II.4 Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 Conventional Practices and the Need to Incorporate Unconventional Methods.- 3 In Vitro Approaches.- 4 Variation.- 5 Miscellaneous.- 6 Summary.- 7 Protocols of Various In Vitro Cultures Used in Our Laboratory.- References.- II.5 Chicory(Cichorium intybus L.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- II.6 Taro(Colocasia esculenta Schott.).- 1 General Account.- 2 Diseases.- 3 In Vitro Approach 3254 Mutation and Genetic Stability.- 5 Productivity.- 6 Conclusion.- References.- II.7 Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum L.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions.- References.- II.8 Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 Objectives for Lettuce Improvement.- 3 In Vitro Approaches.- 4 Future Prospects.- References.- II.9 Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- II.10 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) : A Potential New Crop.- 1 Importance.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- Section III Grasses, Forages, and Pasture Crops.- III.1 Tall Fescue(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and Its Hybrids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- III.2 Red Fescue(Festucarubra L.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- III.3 Smooth Bromegrass(Bromus inermis Leyss).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.- III.4 Big Bluestem(Andropogon gerardii Vitman), Little Bluestem[Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash] and Indiangrass[Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash].- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Chromosome Stability in Somaclones.- 4 Protocol.- References.- III.5 Common Bermudagrass[Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.].- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Summary and Conclusions.- 4 Protocols.- References.- III.6 Elephant Grass, Napier Grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schum.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Culture Studies.- 3 Summary and Conclusions.- 4 Protocol.- References.- III.7 Foxtail Millet[Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.].- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusion and Prospects.- References.- III.8 Paspalum spp..- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- III.9 Turtle Grass (Thalassia testudinum Banks ex König) — A Seagrass.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusion and Prospects.- References.- III. 10 Barnyard Grasses (Echinochloa spp.): Somatic Embryogenesis and ADH Production.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.- III. 11 Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var.acephala, medullosa, ramosa, sabellica).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.- III. 12 Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), Crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) and Sainfoin(Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.