Crime in Europe: Causes and Consequences

ISBN-13: 9783540423263 / Angielski / Twarda / 2002 / 235 str.

H. Entorf; H. Spengler; Horst Entorf

Opis

The present publication is a further development of the final report of the research project "Development and validation of scientific indicators of the relationship between criminality, social cohesion and economic performance" which has been executed by the authors -in their function as a research professor (Horst Entorf) and a research fellow (Hannes Spengler) of the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW) -on behalf of the European Commission, Directorate-General Employment and Social Affairs. The results obtained within the framework of the project do not necessarily repre sent the opinion of the European Commission nor can the Commission be held responsible for the contents of the study. The aim of launching this research pro ject was to contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between crimi nality, economic performance, social cohesion and the socio-economic situation of the population. We have tried to achieve this aim by employing adequate multi variate statistic al methods to European macro data from different levels of regional disaggregation. Since the Commission was primarily interested in the use of rep licable ofticial data, no individual survey data have been collected. Conc1usions which might suf fer from unobservable heterogeneity or the omission of relevant (but unavailable) variables have been marked as such (see, for instance, the inter pretation of crimes committed by "foreigners")."

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 2 Descriptive Evidence on Magnitude and Development of Crime in Europe.- 2.1 Data Sources and Problems of Measurement.- 2.2 Crime in its Various Dimensions.- 2.3 Crime and Potential Factors of Crime.- 3 Socio-economic Causes, Interactions and Consequences of Crime.- 3.1 Plan of the Survey.- 3.2 Research on Causes and Interactions of Crime.- 3.2.1 Social Disorganisation Theory.- 3.2.2 Lifestyle / Routine Activity Theory.- 3.2.3 Economic Rational Choice Theory.- 3.2.4 Differential Association / Social Learning Theory.- 3.2.5 Social Control Theory.- 3.2.6 Self-control Theory.- 3.2.7 Strain Theory.- 3.2.8 Interactional Theory.- 3.2.9 Wealth, Economic Growth and Economic System.- 3.2.10 Poverty and Inequality.- 3.2.11 Labour Market.- 3.2.12 Social Security.- 3.2.13 Family.- 3.2.14 Peers and Gangs.- 3.2.15 Social Class.- 3.2.16 Mobility and Community Change.- 3.2.17 Age, Gender and Nationality / Race.- 3.2.18 Urbanity.- 3.2.19 Law Enforcement.- 3.2.20 Private Crime Prevention.- 3.2.21 Media.- 3.2.22 Religion / Religiosity.- 3.2.23 Weather.- 3.3 The Impact of Crime on Economic Performance.- 3.3.1 On the Importance of Bi-Directional Crime Models.- 3.3.2 Labour Market Outcomes.- 3.3.3 Location Decisions and Crime.- 3.3.4 Costs of Crime.- 3.3.5 Drug Abuse.- 3.3.6 Corruption and Organised Crime.- 3.4 Summary of Crime Related Indicators.- 4 Development of a Methodological Framework for the Empirical Analysis of Crime.- 4.1 The Methodology.- 4.1.1 Criminometrics.- 4.1.2 A Real-World Example Using Data from EU Member States.- 4.2 The Parameterised Model.- 4.2.1 General Framework.- 4.2.2 Construction of Factors of Regional Criminality and of Leading Criminality Indicators.- 4.2.3 Identification of Criminality Indicators of Economic Performance.- 5 Criminometric Results on Causes and Consequences of Crime in Europe.- 5.1 Data Availability.- 5.1.1 Socio-economic Data.- 5.1.2 Crime Data.- 5.2 Empirical Results Based on National Data.- 5.2.1 Causes of Crime.- 5.2.2 The Impact of Crime on Economic Performance.- 5.3 Empirical Results Based on Regional Data.- 5.3.1 Causes of Crime.- 5.3.2 Consequences of Crime.- 6 Conclusions.- Results Known from the Scientific Literature.- Data and Methods.- Causes of Crime.- Consequences of Crime.- Interpretation of Results, Policy Conclusions.- References.