Crime and Power

ISBN-13: 9783030573133 / Angielski / Miękka / 2020 / 256 str.

Pamela Davies; Tanya Wyatt

Spis treści

Notes on Authors

Acknowledgements

1. Crime and Power: Introduction

Crime and Power

Why Power is Important

Useful Terminology

The Case Study Approach

What is a case study?

The case for the case study in criminological research 

Our case studies

The Layout

References

2. What is Power and Who are the Powerful?

Introduction

What is Power?

Power is relational

Power is about decision-making

Power is about having agency

Power is economic

Power is about resources

Power is structural

Power can be positive

Power is visible and invisible

Summary

Who has Power?

Frank Pearce’s (1976) Crimes of the Powerful

Individual and Group Power

Where is the Power?

How is Power used and Why?

Summary: How are power, harm, and crime connected?

Pause for Thought

References

3. The Invisibility of Crimes of the Powerful

Introduction

The Seven Features of Invisibility

No knowledge

No statistics

No theory

No research

No control

No politics

No panic!

The Media

Summary

Pause for Thought

The Seven Spatial Typologies of Invisible Crimes

The Body

The Home

The Street

The Suite

The Environment

The State

The Virtual

Pause for Thought

Summary

References

Part 1: Individuals and Power Dynamics

Intersectionalities

Part 1: Chapters 4-8

Questions to Ponder

References

4. Class, Status and Elites

Introduction

Crime and the ‘Lower’ Classes

What is class?

Crime, statistics, and poverty

Definitions of Crime

White-collar Crime

The scattered effects of white-collar crime

The trend away from a criminal justice system response to corporate crime

Characteristics of the perpetrators

The limitations of white-collar crime

Pause for Thought

More than just White-collar Crime

Case Study – Harvey Weinstein

Case Study Discussion: Hiding in Plain Sight

Pause for Thought

Elitism and Crime

Go Further

References

5. Race and Ethnicity

Introduction

The Political Economy of Colonisation 

Case Study – Black Lives Matter

Pause for Thought

Police shootings in the United States

Slavery and Civil Rights

Contemporary Racial Profiling  

The Impact of Zero-tolerance Policing

Control and Adaptations to Control

Connections to the past

Punishment and surveillance in the modern era

Summary

Go Further

References

6. Religion

Introduction

Case Study 1 - Ireland’s Magdalen Laundries: Historical background and contemporary developments and discourse

Case Study 2 - Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home in Tuam

Magdelenism and the Role of the State

The Catholic Church and the new morality

Pause for Thought

The All Powerful Total Institution: 

Containment

Discipline and Punish

Silence and Denial

Power and Activism 

Pause for Thought

Summary

Go Further

References

7. Gender

Introduction

The Sex/Gender Dichotomy and Binarism 

Gender, Power and Feminisms

The Gender Order and Social Structural Power

Patriarchy

The ‘Man’ Question

Gender and Individual Power

Case Study 1: The Sauvage Case

Pause for Thought

Coercive Power

Discussion 

Gender, Culture and Economic Power

Case Study 2: Saudi Arabia Women’s Driving Ban

Pause for Thought

Summary 

Go Further

References

8. Age

Introduction

Constructing Age as a Social Category

Defining ‘Old’ and ‘Young’

Criminal Responsibility

Box 8.1: United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

Age, Crime and Victimisation in Context

Table 8.1: Age of Criminal Responsibility around the World

Box 8.2 ‘Youth Justice’ 

Figure 8.1: Age-Crime Curve

Case Study 1 – The Murder of James Bulger

Pause for Thought

Power, Powerlessness, and Vulnerability

Case Study 2 – Exploring Elder Abuse in Australia

Pause for Thought

Ideal Victims and Age

Popular Representations and Visibility

Summary

Go Further

References

Part 2: Groups, Power and Criminality

Questions to Ponder

References

9. Corporations

Introduction

What is a Corporation and What is Corporate Crime?

Corporate crime

Why are Corporations Criminogenic?

Finance Crimes

Illegal share dealings and mergers

Tax evasion

Illegal accounting

Bribery

Offenses Against Consumers

Case Study 1 Volkswagen’s Defeat Device

Pause for Thought

Crimes Against Employees

Environmental Offenses

Case Study 2 Carbofin the Italian Shipping Company

Pause for thought

The Consequences of Corporate Power

Control

Trends in control

Alternatives to current approaches

Power through invisibility

No knowledge

No statistics

No control

No politics

No panic!

No theory  and no research

Summary

Go Further

References

10. Organised Crime

Introduction

What is Organised Crime and What are Organised Crime Groups?

How is Organised Crime Explained?

What Crimes are Committed by Organised Groups?

Case Study 1 – The Sinaloa Drug Cartel in Mexico 

Pause for Thought

Case Study 2 – The Camorra in Italy

Pause for Thought

Control

Power in Plain Sight

Summary

Go Further

References

11. The State

Introduction

What is a State?

State Crime

Types of State Crimes

Negligence

Police Crime

Collusion

Corruption

State terror

Case Study 1 – Crisis in Ukraine and Russia’s Invasion (2013-2014)

A Crime of Aggression

Pause for Thought

War Crime

Torture

Genocide

Case Study 2 – the Rohingya people in Myanmar

Pause for Thought

Summary

Go Further

References

12. Militias and Insurgents

Introduction

What are insurgents?

Harms and Crimes of Insurgents

Victims of Insurgents

Case Study 1: Boko Haram – the Chibok School Kidnapping 2014

Pause for Thought

Intersectionalities – Gender, Age, and Religion

Case Study 2: The Shining Path in Peru – Sendero Luminoso

Pause for Thought

The Global Community

Summary

Go Further

References

13. Crime and Power: Conclusion

Introduction

Invisibility, Politics and Power

Methods

Politics and Power

Pause for Thought

Crime and Power

Spatial Typologies

Intersectionalities

Pause for Thought

The Future

Income Inequality

The Global North versus the Global South

Environmental Injustice

Solutions

Final Pause for Thought

Closing

References

O autorze

Pamela Davies is Professor of Criminology at Northumbria University, UK. She is a criminologist whose research focuses on gender, harm, crime and victimization. 

Tanya Wyatt is Professor of Criminology, Northumbria University, UK

Blurb

This book makes a concerted effort to expose crimes committed by those wielding unfettered personal power, and crimes by corporations, business and states, crimes against human and non-human species and the environment. Wyatt and Davies explore an increasingly complex interplay of issues which surely should be at the heart of any criminology programme. This text adopts a fresh and innovative approach to exposing the crimes of the powerful, situating and understanding crimes and victimisations as it does within a framework where questions of structural and personal power in society are key. 

Fourteen case studies are threaded throughout the book and this methodology is used as a teaching resource for studying and uncovering the crimes of the powerful. The first three chapters comprehensively contextualise the problems of crime and power and establish the importance of power to understanding crime and victimisation in society. The chapters within Part 1 and Part 2 of the book then explore individual and group power respectively. Each of these chapters explore a case study or case examples followed by ‘Pause for Thought’ questions. Bigger ‘Go Further’ study questions are posed at the close of these chapters challenging students to engage in their own case study research to investigate the dynamics of crime and power.