Crime Scene Investigation Procedural Guide

ISBN-13: 9781138426740 / Angielski / Twarda / 2020 / 348 str.

Michael S. Maloney

Opis

How has cultural diversity affected the business climate of the growing European Union? What are European institutions and enterprises doing to manage it? In 'EuroDiversity,' Dr. Simons gathers issue-centered perspectives on how Europe's entwined past, present, and future have made it the most strikingly diverse part of the world and what this means for doing business there. 'EuroDiversity' provides:* Insights into Europe's cultural challenges of globalization, diversity dilemmas, and opportunities* Case studies, best practices, and resources for finding the common ground and developing the competence needed to succeed 'EuroDiversity' addresses how cultural diversity affects the business climate of the growing European Union and describes what European institutions and successful organizations are doing to manage it. The book's multinational team of authors gives us issue-centered perspectives on how Europe's entwined past, present and future have made it the most strikingly diverse part of the world and what this means for doing business there. They address Europe's cultural challenges of globalization and provide abundant insights into diversity dilemmas and opportunities. They point to the best practices and resources that will assist both European enterprises and those actively present in or trading with Europe to find the cultural common ground and competence they need to succeed.Contributors: Arjen Bos, Marie-Th‘se Claes, Ph.D., Elena A. A. Garcea, Ph.D., Nigel Holden, Ph.D., Michael Stuber

Spis treści

Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments About the Authors -- Section I -- CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION -- 1 Initial Response -- Notification -- Scene Coordination -- Arrival at the Scene -- Immediate Actions -- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) -- Law Enforcement -- First Responders -- Legal Concerns -- Identifying the Scope of the Scene -- Primary Scene -- Identifying Ancillary Scenes -- Administrative Scene Controls -- Major Scene Considerations -- 2 Crime Scene Management -- Arrival and Initial Organization -- Investigative Plan/Scene Strategy -- Scene Considerations -- Investigative Direction -- Scene Processing -- Order of Processing -- Available Personnel -- Scene Documentation -- Command Function -- Scene Completion and Post Scene Activities -- 3 Crime Scene Notes and Observation -- Scene Observer Duties Notes -- Observations (Scene Indicators) for Indoor Scenes -- Structure Type/Location -- General Appearance -- Possible Related -- Video Coverage -- Entry/Exit Windows -- Kitchen and Dining Room -- Environmental Controls -- Laundry and Utility Areas -- Lighting (in Each Room as well as Outside Lights) -- Telephones and Cellular Phones -- Mail -- Contents of Wastebaskets and Ashtrays -- Bath and Toilet Areas -- Calendars and Planners -- Computers and Internet -- Observations for Outdoor Scenes -- Environmental Conditions -- Immediate Area of Crime Scene -- Extended Area of Crime Scene -- Observations for Motor Vehicle -- Scenes Exterior Interior -- 4 Crime Scene Videography and Photography -- Videography -- Setup -- Technique -- Recording -- Photography -- Setup -- Technique -- General Photography Guidelines -- Use of Flash -- Use of Filters -- Scene Photography -- Overlapping Method/Panographic -- Progressive Method -- Photographing Items of Evidence -- Photographic Perspectives -- 5 Crime Scene Sketching -- General Components of a Sketch -- Depictions Types of Sketches -- Scene Measurements -- Methods of Measuring -- Evidence Identification -- 6 Crime Scene Search Procedures -- General Search Guidelines -- Confined Area Searches -- Point-to-Point Search -- Circle or Spiral Search -- Sector Search (Zone Search or Quadrant) -- Open-Area Searches -- Strip or Line Search -- Grid Search -- Circle or Spiral Search -- Specific Search -- Guidelines Vehicle -- Searches Exterior -- Interior Trunk -- Engine Compartment -- Computer Searches -- Seizure Analysis -- 7 Aquatic Recovery of Evidence -- General -- Visually Locating Evidence -- Surface Searches -- Aerial Searches -- Visual Searches (Completely Submerged) -- Modeling -- Technological Search -- Recovery of Evidence -- 8 Releasing the Scene and Postscene Activities -- Postscene Assessment -- General Guidelines -- Documentation -- Releasing the Scene -- Section II -- CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY -- 9 Burglary and Housebreaking -- Initial Actions -- Establish Perimeter -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- Stolen Property List -- Commonly Encountered Evidence -- 10 Larceny -- Initial Actions -- Establish Perimeter -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- Stolen Property List -- Commonly Encountered Evidence -- 11 Larceny of a Motor Vehicle -- Initial Actions -- Establish Perimeter -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- Recovered Motor Vehicle—Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- Establish Perimeter -- Establishing Context -- Abandoned Motor Vehicle -- Vehicle Recovered in Control of Suspects -- Determine if There Are Any Indications of Forced Entry to the Vehicle -- Vehicle Processing Guidelines -- Stolen Property List -- Commonly Encountered Evidence -- 12 Vandalism and Malicious Mischief -- Initial Actions -- Establishing Perimeter -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- Commonly Encountered Evidence -- Searches Related to Suspect -- 13 Fire and Arson Scenes -- Initial Actions -- Establishing Perimeter -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Structural Fire Scene Investigations -- Fire Scene Processing Guidelines -- General Considerations -- Scene Photography -- Documenting Fire Patterns -- Documenting Indicators of Suspected Area(s) of Origin -- Documenting Indicators of the Cause of the Fire -- Documenting Any Indications the Fire Was Accelerated -- Documenting Depth of Charring -- Sampling, Collecting, and Packaging Fire Scene Evidence -- General -- Sampling for Accelerants -- Liquids -- Solids -- Searches Related to Suspect -- Vehicle Fire Scene Investigations -- General -- The Scene -- The Vehicle -- Fire Scene Evidence -- 14 Postblast (Explosive Incident) Scenes -- Initial Actions -- Establishing Perimeter -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- Initial Briefing -- Initial Walk-Through -- Blast Scene Mapping (Searching and Evidence Recovery) -- Procedure for Mapping -- Collecting the Evidence -- Associated Fire -- Commonly Encountered Evidence -- Associated with Device and Component Parts -- Postblast Debris -- Explosive Evidence Collection Guidelines -- Sampling for Explosive Residue -- Collecting and Packaging -- Liquids -- Solids -- Section III -- CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS -- 15 Aggravated Assault -- Initial Actions -- Establishing Perimeter -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Crime Scene Processing -- Processing the Scene -- Examination of the Assault Victim -- Examination of Suspect -- Commonly Encountered Evidence -- 16 Robbery from an Individual -- Initial Actions -- Establishing Perimeter -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Strong-Armed Robbery -- Armed Robbery -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- Examination of Robbery Victim if Assaulted during Incident -- Examination of Suspect -- Additional Searches -- Stolen Property List -- Commonly Encountered Evidence -- 17 Robbery from a Business -- Initial Actions -- Establishing Perimeter -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- Evidence of Injury -- Examination of Assault Victim -- Examination of Suspect -- Commonly Encountered Evidence -- 18 Carjacking -- Initial Actions -- Establishing Perimeter -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- Evidence of Injury -- Commonly Encountered Evidence -- 19 Kidnapping and Missing Persons -- Initial Actions -- Establishing a Perimeter -- Primary Scene -- Secondary or Ancillary Scenes -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Perimeter -- Establishing Context -- Kidnapping -- Missing Person -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- Evidence of Injury -- Commonly Encountered Evidence -- Rape and Sexual Assault -- Initial Actions -- Establishing Perimeter -- Primary Scene -- Secondary Scenes -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Stranger Rape -- Acquaintance Rape -- Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assaults -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- Evidence of Injury -- Minimizing Cross-Contamination of Evidence -- Examination of Sexual Assault Victim -- Evidence of Additional Physical Assault -- Examination of Sexual Assault Suspect -- Examination of a Third Party -- Commonly Encountered Evidence -- Injuries Commonly Associated with -- Violent Crime -- Manual Strangulation (Throttling) -- Injury in Context -- The Scene -- The Victim -- Blunt Force Injury -- Injury in Context -- The Scene -- The Victim -- Sharp Force Injury -- Injury in Context -- The Scene -- The Victim -- Chopping Injury -- Injury in Context -- The Scene -- The Victim -- Gunshot Wounds -- Injury in Context -- The Scene -- The Victim -- Entrance Wounds -- Exit Wounds -- Effect of Distance on Gunshot Wounds -- Contact Gunshot Wounds -- Close Gunshot Wounds -- Intermediate-Range Gunshot Wounds -- Distant Gunshot Wounds -- CSI Wound Documentation Concerns -- 22 Child Sexual Assault or Abuse -- Initial Actions -- Determine the Scene and Establish a Perimeter -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- Sexual Assault Scenes -- Failed Sexual Assault/Abduction -- Missing Child Report -- Abduction Scene -- Assault Scene -- The Pedophile and Production of Pedophile Media and Materials -- Sexual Abuse Scene -- Examination of the Victim -- Evidence of Additional Physical Assault -- Examination of Sexual Assault Suspect -- Commonly Encountered Evidence in Sexual Assault and Abuse -- Abuse -- Additional Evidence of Assault -- Additional Evidence of Production of Child Pornography -- 23 Child Physical Abuse -- Initial Actions -- Establish Perimeter -- Primary Scene -- Secondary or Ancillary Scenes -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- General Guidelines -- Weapons or Disciplinary Tools/Devices -- Burns, Scalds, Immersion Burns -- Examination of Child Abuse Victim -- During the Medical Examination -- Additional Questions for the Physician -- Medical Records Review -- Commonly Encountered Evidence in Child Abuse Scenes -- 24 Child Neglect -- Initial Actions -- Establishing Perimeter -- Primary Scene -- Secondary or Ancillary Scenes -- Legal Concerns -- Establishing Context -- Crime Scene Processing Guidelines -- General Guidelines -- The Scene -- Overall Residence and Living Conditions -- Living/Sleeping Area of Child -- Food Preparation/Eating Area -- Kitchen Cupboards, Pantries, Refrigerator -- Examination of Child Neglect Victim -- During the Medical Examination -- Additional Questions for the Physician -- Medical Records Review -- Commonly Encountered Evidence in Child Neglect -- Section IV -- EVIDENCE PROCESSING AND DOCUMENTATION -- 25 Friction Ridge Evidence -- Prints at the Scene -- General -- Detecting Prints -- Oblique Lighting -- Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System (RUVIS) -- Alternate Light Sources -- Photography of Prints -- DNA Considerations -- Prints on Nonporous Surfaces -- Print Stabilization with Superglue- Fuming (Cyanoacrylate) -- Developing -- Recovering Latent Prints from Nonporous Surfaces -- Packaging -- Prints on Porous Surfaces -- Packaging -- Chemical Development of Latent Prints -- Prints on Wet Surfaces -- Prints in Blood -- Amido Black -- Hungarian Red -- Leucocrystal Violet (LCV) -- Prints in Oil or Grease -- Prints on the Skin -- Patent (Visible) Prints on the Skin -- Latent Prints on the Skin -- 26 Impression Evidence -- Toolmarks and Bite Marks (Three-Dimensional Impression Evidence) -- General -- Detection -- Photography -- Processing/Casting Toolmarks -- Processing Bite Marks, Special Considerations -- Footwear and Tire Impressions (Three-Dimensional Impression Evidence) -- General -- Detection -- Photography -- Processing/Casting -- Casting Underwater -- Impressions in Snow -- Impressions in Sand/Dust -- Special Considerations for Tire Marks -- Packaging -- Footwear and Tire Impressions (Two-Dimensional Impression Evidence) -- Detection -- Oblique Lighting Visualization -- Mirror and Oblique Lighting -- Photography -- Processing Dry Impressions -- Electrostatic Dust Print Lifter -- Stati-Lift' Dust Print Lifter -- Gel Lifter -- Tape Lift -- Processing Moist Impression -- Processing—Dry -- Processing—Wet -- Packaging -- 27 Biological Evidence at the Scene -- Nuclear DNA -- Touch DNA -- Detection -- Preservation and Collection -- Mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) -- Biological Fluids and Stains -- Detection -- Scene Analysis -- Collection of Biological Stains -- General -- Dry Stains -- Wet Stains -- Liquid Stains -- Packaging -- 28 Trace Evidence at the Scene -- General Processing Guidelines -- Detection -- Magnification -- Oblique Lighting -- Ultraviolet Lighting -- Alternate Light Source -- General Collection -- Packaging -- Hairs -- Fibers -- Paint -- Collection -- Control Sample -- Known Sample -- Packaging -- Glass -- On-Scene Examination -- Collection -- Known Sample -- Packaging -- Building Materials -- Collection -- Known Sample -- Soil Evidence -- Collection -- Known Sample -- Alibi Sample -- Packaging -- Trace Metals Evidence -- Field Testing for Lead and Copper for Bullet Defects -- Testing for Copper -- Testing for Lead -- Collection -- Control Sample -- Known Sample -- Packaging -- Trace Explosives Evidence -- Collection of Explosives Residue Materials -- Collection of Trace Components Parts -- Hazardous Materials Evidence -- 29 Entomological Evidence at the Scene -- Terminology -- General Guidelines -- Collection of Samples -- Adult and Flying Insects -- Crawling Adult Insects -- Maggots, Pupae, and Other Immature Insect Forms -- Insects in Soil -- Documentation of Entomological Evidence -- Contact with the Servicing Forensic Entomologist -- 30 Use of Light and Alternate Light Sources -- (Oblique, UV, ALS, and RUVIS) -- Terminology -- General Guidelines -- Crime Scene Application -- White Light/Oblique -- UV Light (200-400 nm) -- The Alternate Light Source—Variable Wavelengths -- Small Handheld Forensic Light Sources -- Scene Portable Forensic Light Sources -- Laboratory Forensic Light Sources -- Using the ALS/FLS to Search for Trace and Biological Substances -- The Use of the ALS with Fluorescent Fingerprint Powders -- The Use of the ALS to Document Body Injuries -- The Use of the ALS to Search for Blood -- Chemical Enhancement/Luminescence of Blood -- Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System (RUVIS) -- RUVIS for Latent Print Searching -- Other Uses of RUVIS -- 31 Documenting and Processing Bloodstain -- Patterns at the Scene -- Detection -- Visual -- Alternate Light Source (ALS) -- Infrared (IR) -- Chemical Enhancement -- Luminol -- Modified Luminol Formulas (such as Bluestar) -- Fluorescein -- Isolate and Identify Discrete Patterns -- Spatter -- Linear Spatter -- Nonlinear Spatter -- Nonspatter Stains -- Irregular Margin -- Regular Margin -- Documentation through Mapping -- Mapping -- Mapping Large Area Patterns -- Clothing -- Photography -- Sketching -- Sampling and Collection -- 32 Documenting and Processing the -- Shooting Scene -- Recovery of Firearms Evidence from the Scene -- The Weapon -- Weapons Safety Is of Paramount Concern -- Documenting the Firearm -- Making the Weapon Safe -- Processing the Weapon on Scene -- Collection and Packaging the Firearm -- Recovery of a Firearm from Water -- Recovery of Cartridges, Spent Bullet Cases, and Bullets -- Additional Analysis Considerations -- Documenting Bullet Defects -- Chemical Testing to Determine if It Is a Bullet Defect -- Testing for Copper -- Testing for Lead -- Recovery of Firearms Evidence from the Victim -- Detection of Gunpowder Patterns -- Visual -- Infrared (IR) -- Collection and Packaging of Clothing -- Documentation and Collection of Gunshot Residue -- Appendix A: Universal Precautions -- Appendix B: Crime Scene Entry Log* -- Appendix C: Crime Scene Notes* -- Appendix D: Photograph Identifier Slate* -- Appendix E: Photography Log* -- Appendix F: Friction Ridge Evidence Worksheet* -- Appendix G: Impression Evidence Worksheet* -- Appendix H: Biological Evidence Worksheet* -- Appendix I: Trace Evidence Worksheet* -- Appendix J: Firearms Documentation Worksheet* -- Appendix K: Bloodstain Pattern Taxonomy* -- Appendix L: Entomology Worksheet (Neglect)* -- Appendix M: Postblast Scene Management Worksheet* -- Appendix N: Druggist Fold Instructions* -- Appendix O: Immersion Burn Worksheet* -- Index.

O autorze

Maloney, Michael S.