Creatine and Creatine Kinase in Health and Disease

ISBN-13: 9781402064852 / Angielski / Twarda / 2007 / 354 str.

Markus Wyss

Opis

Although creatine was discovered already in the 1830s, it is only in recent years that its crucial role for human health and general well-being has been increasingly realized and appreciated. A number of beneficial health effects have been ascribed to oral creatine supplementation, such as neuroprotective, ergogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, or antitumor effects. Creatine may even improve memory and intelligence. In the present book, emphasis is placed on the intricate interplay between creatine and creatine kinase function on one hand, and proper brain function, neurodegenerative disease and/or neuroprotection on the other hand. The book also elaborates on the recently identified inborn errors of creatine biosynthesis and transport, the so-called cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes. The clinical hallmarks of these disorders are mental retardation, epilepsy, autistic-like behaviour, and speech and language delay. In addition, the muscle growth- and strength-promoting effects, the pharmacokinetics and the safety of oral creatine supplementation are discussed. Finally, the present book outlines the emerging "systems biology" approaches for understanding the pleiotropic effects of creatine and creatine kinase, and hypothesizes on the most promising and influential future avenues of research towards creatine-based nutritional strategies for the prevention of neurological disease, and for improving the quality of life in general.

Spis treści

Foreword. Gajja S. Salomons and Markus Wyss Introduction - Creatine: cheap ergogenic supplement with great potential for health and disease. Theo Wallimann Early evolution of the creatine kinase gene family and the capacity for creatine biosynthesis and membrane transport. W. Ross Ellington and Tomohiko Suzuki The creatine kinase phosphotransfer network: thermodynamic and kinetic considerations, the impact of the mitochondrial outer membrane and modelling approaches'. Valdur Saks, Tuuli Kaambre, Rita Guzun, Tiia Anmann, Peeter Sikk, Uwe Schlattner, Theo Wallimann, Mayis Aliev and Marko Vendelin Expression and function of AGAT, GAMT and CT1 in the mammalian brain. Olivier Braissant, Claude Bachmann and Hugues Henry A novel relationship between creatine transport at the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers, creatine biosynthesis, and its use for brain and retinal energy homeostasis. Masanori Tachikawa, Ken-ichi Hosoya, Sumio Ohtsuki and Tetsuya Terasaki Functional insights into the creatine transporter. David L. Christie In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of transgenic mice with altered expression of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase and creatine kinase isoenzymes. Arend Heerschap, Hermien E. Kan, Christine I.H.C. Nabuurs, W. KlaasJan Renema, Dirk Isbrandt, Bé Wieringa Cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes: clinical aspects, treatment and pathophysiology. Sylvia Stockler, Peter W. Schutz and Gajja S. Salomons Pre-symptomatic treatment of creatine biosynthesis defects. Andreas Schulze and Roberta Battini Clinical use of creatine in neuromuscular and neurometabolic disorders. Mark Tarnopolsky The neuroprotective role of creatine. Autumn M. Klein and Robert J. Ferrante Ergogenic effects of creatine in sports and rehabilitation. Peter Hespel and WimDerave Pharmacokinetics of creatine. Wesley McCall and Adam M. Persky Safety of creatine supplementation. Adam M. Persky and Eric S. Rawson Creatine – its chemical synthesis, chemistry, and legal status. Ivo Pischel and Thomas Gastner Creatine and creatine kinase in health and disease – a bright future ahead? Markus Wyss, Olivier Braissant, Ivo Pischel, Gajja S. Salomons, Andreas Schulze, Sylvia Stockler, and Theo Wallimann