Cranial Meningiomas: Diagnosis -- Biology -- Therapy

ISBN-13: 9783642725838 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 154 str.

Gianni B. Bradac; Ron Ferszt; Brian E. Kendall

Opis

The aim of the book is to describe the current approach to meningiomas on the basis of experience gained in the fields of histopathology, biology, radiology and surgery. The first section of the book deals with general diagnostic aspects. The typical histopathological features of meningiomas and the various abnormalities shown by imaging methods are discussed. The second section elucidates the growth pattern of meningiomas arising in various specific locations. Separate chapters are devoted to particular aspects of meningioma and to peritumoral edema. The third section covers the treatment of meningiomas. Surgical removal remains the basic therapy, while adjuvant methods include preoperative embolization, irradiation, and endocrine therapy.

Spis treści

1 Meningiomas: A Clinico-Pathological Synopsis.- 1.1 Epidemiology, Frequency, Sex and Age Predominance.- 1.1.1 Frequency.- 1.1.2 Preponderance in Women, Meningiomas in Children and Infants.- 1.1.3 Age Predominance.- 1.2 Localization.- 1.3 Gross Pathology.- 1.3.1 Surface.- 1.3.2 Sectioning.- 1.3.3 Peritumoral Effects.- 1.4 General Histology.- 1.4.1 Meningiotheliomatous Meningiomas.- 1.4.2 Fibrous Meningiomas.- 1.4.3 Transitional Meningiomas.- 1.4.4 Psammomatous Meningiomas.- 1.4.5 Vascularization.- 1.4.6 Highly Vascular Meningiomas.- 1.4.7 Atypical Features.- 1.4.8 Papillary Meningiomas — Malignant Meningiomas.- 1.5 Recurrence.- 1.6 Metastasizing Meningiomas.- 1.7 Multiple Meningiomas.- 1.8 Experimental and Biological Aspects.- 1.8.1 Aetiological Factors.- 1.8.2 Histochemical Aspects.- 1.8.3 Meningiomas Associated with Other Neoplasms.- 1.8.4 Endocrine Effects.- 2 The Skull X-Ray.- 2.1 General Observations.- 2.2 Specific Features.- 2.2.1 Hyperostosis.- 2.2.2 Hypervascularity.- 2.2.3 Calcification.- 2.2.4 Indirect Signs.- 2.2.5 Bone Erosion and Blistering.- 2.3 Differential Diagnosis.- 2.4 Meningiomas in Unusual Locations.- 3 Computed Tomography.- 3.1 General Efficacy.- 3.2 Typical Features.- 3.2.1 Site.- 3.2.2 Margin and Shape.- 3.2.3 Attenuation.- 3.2.4 Calcification.- 3.2.5 Contrast Enhancement.- 3.2.6 Effect on Adjacent Structures.- 3.2.7 Differential Diagnosis.- 3.3 Atypical Features.- 3.3.1 Heterogeneity.- 3.3.2 Surface Irregularity.- 3.3.3 Unusual Effects on Adjacent Structures.- 3.4 Criteria for Malignancy.- 4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- 4.1 General Aspects.- 4.2 Technical Aspects and Material.- 4.3 MRI Features of Meningiomas.- 4.3.1 Aspects of the Tumour Mass.- 4.3.2 Tumour Margins.- 4.3.3 Peritumoral Oedema.- 4.3.4 Bone Changes.- 4.4 Contrast Medium.- 4.4.1 General Considerations.- 4.4.2 Contrast Enhancement in Tumours.- 4.5 Topographic Localization.- 4.5.1 Topographic Analysis.- 4.5.2 Brain Vasculature.- 4.5.3 Sinus Infiltration.- 4.6 Conclusions.- 5 Angiography.- 5.1 Angiographic Features.- 5.2 Angiographic Vascularization and Histological Type of Meningiomas.- 5.3 Meningeal Vascularization.- 5.3.1 Meningiomas of Frontal Cranial Fossa (Frontobasal Meningiomas).- 5.3.2 Meningiomas of the Sphenoid Wing and Middle Cranial Fossa.- 5.3.3 Meningiomas of Posterior Cranial Fossa.- 5.3.4 Convexity, Parasagittal, Falx Meningiomas.- 5.3.5 Tentorial Meningiomas.- 5.3.6 Meningeal Branches of the Carotid Siphon.- 5.3.7 Intraventricular Meningiomas.- 5.3.8 Ectopic Meningiomas.- 5.4 Changes in the Venous Circulation.- 5.5 Indications for Angiography.- 6 Convexity, Parasagittal, and Falx Meningiomas.- 6.1 Incidence and Localization.- 6.1.1 Convexity and Parasagittal Tumours.- 6.1.2 Falx Meningiomas.- 6.2 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- 6.3 Angiography.- 6.4 Differential Diagnosis.- 7 Frontobasal Meningiomas.- 7.1 Incidence and Localization.- 7.2 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- 7.3 Angiography.- 7.4 Differential Diagnosis.- 8 Meningiomas of the Sphenoid Wing and Middle Cranial Fossa.- 8.1 Incidence and Localization.- 8.2 Lateral Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas.- 8.2.1 CT and MRI.- 8.2.2 Angiography.- 8.3 Medial Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas.- 8.3.1 CT and MRI.- 8.3.2 Angiography.- 8.4 Parasellar Meningiomas.- 8.4.1 Meningeal Anatomy in the Parasellar Region.- 8.4.2 CT and MRI.- 8.4.3 Angiography.- 8.5 Meningioma En Plaque.- 8.5.1 CT and MRI.- 8.5.2 Angiography.- 8.6 Temporobasal Meningiomas.- 8.7 Differential Diagnosis.- 9 Tentorial Meningiomas.- 9.1 Anatomical Considerations.- 9.2 Incidence and Localization.- 9.2.1 Medial Tentorial Meningiomas.- 9.2.2 Lateral Tentorial Meningiomas.- 9.2.3 Falco Tentorial Meningiomas.- 9.3 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- 9.4 Angiography.- 9.4.1 Arteries.- 9.4.2 Venous Sinuses.- 9.5 Differential Diagnosis.- 10 Meningiomas of the Posterior Fossa.- 10.1 Incidence and Localization.- 10.1.1 Meningiomas of the Posterior Surface of the Petrous Bone.- 10.1.2 Tentorial Meningiomas.- 10.1.3 Clivus Meningiomas.- 10.1.4 Tumours of the Cerebellar Convexity.- 10.1.5 Meningiomas of the Fourth Ventricle.- 10.1.6 Other Meningiomas.- 10.2 Meningiomas of the Posterior Surface of the Petrous Bone.- 10.2.1 Computed Tomography.- 10.2.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- 10.2.3 Angiography.- 10.3 Clival Meningiomas.- 10.3.1 CT and MRI.- 10.3.2 Angiography.- 10.4 Meningiomas of the Cerebellar Convexity.- 10.5 Meningiomas of the Fourth Ventricle.- 10.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 11 Particular Conditions.- 11.1 Cystic Meningiomas.- 11.2 Intraventricular Meningioma.- 11.2.1 Incidence and Localization.- 11.2.2 Lateral Ventricles.- 11.2.3 Meningiomas of the Third and Fourth Ventricles.- 11.2.4 Differential Diagnosis.- 11.3 Primary Orbital Meningiomas.- 11.3.1 Incidence and Localization.- 11.3.2 Radiological Diagnosis.- 11.3.3 Differential Diagnosis.- 11.4 Ectopic Meningiomas.- 11.4.1 Incidence and Localization.- 11.4.2 Radiological Diagnosis.- 12 Peritumoral Oedema in Meningiomas.- 12.1 Introductory Comments.- 12.2 Peritumoral Oedema in Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- 12.2.1 Incidence.- 12.2.2 Distribution.- 12.3 Factors Involved in Oedema Production.- 12.3.1 Radiological Features.- 12.3.2 Histological Features.- 12.3.3 Theories of the Pathogenesis of Oedema in Meningiomas.- 12.4 Peritumoral Changes after Meningioma Excision.- 13 Meningioma Embolization.- 13.1 General Considerations.- 13.2 Meningioma Vascularization.- 13.2.1 Role of Meningeal Supply.- 13.2.2 Anastomosis of External Carotid with Internal Carotid and/or Vertebral Arteries.- 13.2.3 Cranial Nerves.- 13.3 Technical Aspects.- 13.4 Results.- 13.4.1 Findings in Embolized Meningiomas.- 13.4.2 Recurrence of Embolized Meningiomas.- 13.4.3 Complications.- 13.5 Conclusions.- 14 Surgical Perspective of Meningiomas.- 14.1 Historical Background.- 14.2 Clinical Presentation and Individual Sites.- 14.2.1 Convexity Meningiomas.- 14.2.2 Parasagittal and Falx Meningiomas.- 14.2.3 Basal Meningiomas.- 14.2.4 Posterior Fossa Meningiomas.- 14.2.5 Intraventricular Meningiomas.- 14.2.6 Intraorbital Meningiomas.- 14.3 Surgical Technique.- 14.3.1 New Surgical Techniques.- 14.3.2 Adjuvant Therapy.- 14.4 Prognosis.- 14.4.1 Degree of Surgical Removal.- 14.4.2 Site of Meningioma.- Conclusion.- References.

O autorze

General diagnostic aspects, growth pattern and treatment of meningiomas are discussed.