Covid-19 in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia

ISBN-13: 9780443152566 / Angielski / Miękka / 2023

Texas Tech University Health Scien MD candidate Albin (MBA

Spis treści

List of contributors Preface

Section One: COVID-19

1 COVID-19 and immunity: an overview Pulak R. Manna, Zachery C. Gray, and P. Hemachandra Reddy

1 Introduction 2 COVID-19: risk factors and pathogenesis 3 COVID-19 variants and their impact on global health tragedy 4 Nutrients and immune health, and their relevance to COVID-19 5 Immunocompromised conditions and COVID-19 6 Diverse measures for preventing COVID-19 7 Potential therapies for the treatment of COVID-19 8 Summary and conclusions Acknowledgments References

2 Role of oxidative stress in the severity of SARS-COV-2 infection Sharda P. Singh, Sanjay Awasthi, Ashly Hindle, and Chhanda Bose

1 Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation 2 Inflammatory stress 3 Quenching lipid peroxidation 4 4-HNE in COVID-19 5 Functions of 4-HNE with possible relevance to COVID-19 References

3 Immune enhancers for COVID-19 Katherine G. Holder, Bernardo Galvan, Pulak R. Manna, Zachery C. Gray, and P. Hemachandra Reddy

1 Introduction 2 Immune enhancementdsupplements 3 Immune enhancersddiet, herbs, and spices 4 Conclusion References

4 Diabetes mellitus in relation to COVID-19 Bhagavathi Ramasubramanian, Jonathan Kopel, Madison Hanson, and Cameron Griffith

1 Introduction 2 Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes 3 Biomarkers and risk factors in COVID-19-infected patients 4 Entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host 5 Complications of diabetes during COVID-19 infection 6 Treatment and management of diabetes during COVID-19 infection 7 The effect of lockdowns on diabetes and obesity 8 Lifestyle and diet during COVID-19 pandemic 9 Conclusion References

5 Food bioactive compounds, sources, and their effectiveness during COVID-19 Giridhar Goudar, Munikumar Manne, Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran, and Subodh Kumar

1 Introduction 2 COVID-19 and food safety 3 Bioactive compounds 4 Foods containing bioactive compounds helpful during COVID-19 infection 5 Mechanistic activity of bioactive compounds helpful for COVID-19 6 Conclusion References

6 MicroRNAs and COVID-19 Prashanth Gowda, Vivek Kumar, Ashish Sarangi, Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran, P. Hemachandra Reddy, and Subodh Kumar

1 Introduction 2 MicroRNAs as biomarkers for COVID-19 3 Molecular basis of microRNAs in COVID-19 infection 4 MicroRNAs as therapeutic for COVID-19 5 Conclusion References

7 Mechanisms and implications of COVID-19 transport into neural tissue Katherine G. Holder, Bernardo Galvan, and Alec Giakas

1 Introduction 2 Viruses and neurological damage 3 SARS-CoV-2 virulence and neurologic invasion 4 Conclusion References Further reading

8 Immunogenetic landscape of COVID-19 infections related neurological complications Balakrishnan Karuppiah, Rathika Chinniah, Sasiharan Pandi, Vandit Sevak, Padma Malini Ravi, and Dhinakaran Thadakanathan

1 Introduction 2 HLA immunogenetic variations 3 HLA immunogenetics and COVID-19 4 HLA associations in COVID-19 induced neurological disorders 5 Conclusions References

9 Impact of COVID-19 on ischemic stroke condition Tochi Eboh, Hallie Morton, P. Hemachandra Reddy, and Murali Vijayan

1 Introduction 2 Coronavirus and SARS CoV-2 3 Epidemiology of stroke and COVID-19 4 Mechanism of stroke in COVID-19 5 Thrombosis 6 Cytokine storm 7 Endothelium disruption 8 Tissue factor and extrinsic coagulation pathway 9 Treatment of acute ischemic stroke in COVID-19 10 Anesthesia for mechanical thrombectomy 11 Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and stroke 12 Major challenges of managing stroke during COVID-19 situation 13 Conclusion and future directions References

10 The psychiatric effects of COVID-19 in the elderly Ashish Sarangi and Subodh Kumar

1 Introduction 2 Elderly isolation during COVID-19 3 Elderly health care during COVID-19 4 COVID-19-associated psychiatric disorders 5 Management of psychiatric disorders related to COVID-19 6 Pharmacological agents 7 Conclusion References

Section Two: Alzheimer's disease and dementia during COVID-19

11 Blood brain barrier disruption following COVID-19 infection and neurological manifestations Sonam Deshwal, Neha Dhiman, and Rajat Sandhir

1 Introduction 2 Structure and function of BBB 3 Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the brain 4 BBB disruption 5 Hypoxia 6 Clotting and thrombosis 7 Neurological consequences of disrupted BBB post-SARS-CoV-2 infection 8 Treatment to prevent BBB disruption following SARS-CoV-2 infection 9 Conclusions Abbreviations References

12 The effects of lifestyle in Alzheimer's disease during the COVID-19 pandemic Sparsh Ray, Sonia Y. Khan, Shazma Khan, Kiran Ali, Zachery C. Gray, Pulak R. Manna, and P. Hemachandra Reddy

1 Introduction 2 Exercise 3 Diet 4 Social interaction 5 Nursing homes 6 Conclusion References

13 Dementia and COVID-19: An African American focused study Shyam Sheladia, Shivam Sheladia, Rishi Virani, and P. Hemachandra Reddy

1 Introduction 2 Dementia/COVID-19 3 Unmodifiable risk factors 4 Modifiable risk factors 5 Age-related chronic diseases 6 Environmental risk factors 7 Concluding remarks Acknowledgments References Further reading

14 Dementia and COVID-19: A Hispanic focused study Shyam Sheladia, Shivam Sheladia, Rishi Virani, and P. Hemachandra Reddy

1 Introduction 2 Dementia/COVID-19 3 Unmodifiable risk factors 4 Modifiable risk factors 5 Age-related chronic diseases 6 Environmental factors 7 Concluding remarks Acknowledgments References

15 Women and Alzheimer's disease risk: a focus on gender Emma Schindler and P. Hemachandra Reddy

1 Introduction 2 Education 3 Employment 4 Race 5 Sexual and gender identity 6 Exercise 7 Depression 8 Caregiver burden 9 COVID-19 pandemic 10 Conclusion References

16 Women and Alzheimer's disease: a focus on sex Emma Schindler and P. Hemachandra Reddy

1 Introduction 2 Clinical presentation 3 Disease progression 4 Neuropathology 5 Genetics 6 Endogenous estrogen exposure 7 Exogenous estrogen exposure 8 Pregnancy 9 Vascular risk 10 Pharmacology 11 COVID-19 pandemic 12 Conclusion References

17 Effect of COVID-19 on Alzheimer's and dementia measured through ocular indications Harrison Marsh, Stephen Rossettie and Albin John

1 Introduction 2 Ocular indications for early screening of Alzheimer's disease 3 Methods of visualizing the retina 4 Ophthalmology during COVID-19 5 Conclusion References

18 Surgical and nonsurgical interventions for Alzheimer's disease P. Hemachandra Reddy and Albin John

1 Introduction 2 Invasive brain stimulation 3 Non-invasive brain stimulation procedures 4 Conclusion References

Index