Countering Cyberterrorism: The Confluence of Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Forensics and Digital Policing in US and UK National Cybersecurity

ISBN-13: 9783031219191 / Angielski / Twarda / 2023 / 164 str.

Reza Montasari

Opis

This book provides a comprehensive analysis covering the confluence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cyber Forensics and Digital Policing in the context of the United Kingdom (UK), United States (US) and European Union (EU) national cybersecurity. More specifically, this book explores ways in which the adoption of AI algorithms (such as Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Natural Language Processing, and Big Data Predictive Analytics (BDPAs) transforms law enforcement agencies (LEAs) and intelligence service  practices. It explores the roles that these technologies play in the manufacture of security, the threats to freedom and the levels of social control in the surveillance state. This book also examines the malevolent use of AI and associated technologies by state and non-state actors. Along with this analysis, it  investigates the key legal, political, ethical, privacy and human rights implications of the national security uses of AI in the stated democracies. This book provides a set of policy recommendations to help to mitigate these challenges. Researchers working in the security field as well  advanced level students in computer science focused on security will find this book useful as a reference. Cyber security professionals, network security analysts, police and law enforcement agencies will also want to purchase this book. 

Spis treści

1

Introduction

References

2

Cyber Threats and the Security Risks They Pose to National Security: An Assessment of Cybersecurity Policy in the United Kingdom

Abstract

Introduction

The Most Prevalent Cyber Threats

The UK Cyber Landscape

How Cyber Threats Are Identified in the UK

Perpetrators of Cyber Threats

Types of Cyber-Attacks

The UK  Cybersecurity Policies and Practices

Cybersecurity in Government Policies and Strategies

Current Policies, Strategies, and Practices

National Cyber Security Centre

Active Cyber Defence Programme

National Cyber Security Strategy 2022-2030

Recommendations

Criticisms of the NCSC and Recommendation 

Criticisms of the ACD and Recommendations

Criticisms of the NCSS 2022-2030 and Recommendations

Recommendations for the Government’s Role

Discussion and Conclusion

Key Findings

Limitations of the Chapter

Concluding Remarks

References

3

Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in National Security: Applications and Issues

Abstract

Introduction

Background

Definitions

National and Domestic Security

Definition of Artificial Intelligence

The Internet of Things

The Internet of Things Forensics

 AI and IoT in National and Domestic Security

 The Role of AI and IoT in Digital Security

 AI for Protecting IoT Devices against Hacking

The Malicious Use of AI to Hack IoT Devices

The Use of AI in the Military to Hack IoT Devices

The Use of AI by Institutions to Safeguard Citizens

 AI and IoT in Political Security

 Deepfake and Mis- and Disinformation

 AI and the Formation of Filter Bubbles

 

 

AI and Online Content Moderation

 

 

AI and IoT in Physical Security

 

 

Augmented Intelligence Analysis

 

 

Military Weaponisation of AI and the IoT

 

 

Privacy Implications of AI Algorithms

 

 

Impacts of AI Algorithms on User Privacy

 

 

Legal Frameworks for Privacy Relating AI Algorithms

 

 

Potential Solutions for Privacy Implications

 

 

Conclusion

 

 

References

 

4

Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things Forensics in a National Security Context

 Abstract

Introduction

AI Techniques in Automating Tasks of IoT Forensics

A Brief Summary of IoT Forensics from Chapter 3

Types of AI Techniques Relevant to IoT Forensics

Natural Language Processing

Machine Learning

Machine Learning and Anomaly Detection

Machine Learning and Detection of Steganography

General Challenges of AI-Enabled IoT Forensics

Sources and Detection of Algorithmic Bias

Algorithmic Bias

Sources of Algorithmic Bias

Algorithmic Transparency and Military AI

Risks of Increasing Transparency in Military AI

Recommendations

Recommendations for Detecting Algorithmic Bias

Recommendations for Reducing Bias in Algorithms

Recommendation for Algorithmic Transparency in Military AI Applications

Conclusion

References

5

The Application of Big Data Predictive Analytics and Surveillance Technologies in the Field of Policing

Abstract

Introduction

Key Concepts and History of AI

Predictive Policing

History of AI

Facial Recognition Technology

3D Facial Recognition

Machine Learning

Supervised Learning

Unsupervised Learning

Reinforcement Learning

Support Vector Machine 

Natural Language Processing

 Big Data

 RQ 1: The Use of AI by Law Enforcement I

 Big Data Predictive Analytics

 PredPol

 CompStat

 Person-Based Forecasting

 Innovative Surveillance Technology

 Hard and Soft Technology

Closed-Circuit Television

Facial Recognition Technology

Body-Worn Cameras

Social Media

RQ 2: The Use of AI by Law Enforcement II

ML and Data Mining in Policing

Police Discrimination and Big Data

DNA Databases and Big Data

Recommendations

Accountability and Transparency

Bias in ML Algorithm 

Regulating Surveillance Technology

 Conclusion

 References

 6

The Potential Impacts of the National Security Uses of Big Data Predictive Analytics on Human Rights

 Abstract

 Introduction

 Background

 Big Data Predictive Analytics

 The Application of Predictive Policing

 Civil Liberties and National Security

 RQ 1: The Use of AI by Law Enforcement I

Civil Liberties and National Security

Chilling Effect, Privacy Rights and Freedom of Speech

The Fourth Amendment and Stop and Search

Striking a Smart Balance

RQ 2: The Use of AI by Law Enforcement II

Overpolicing of Certain Areas

Focus on Crimes of the Poor

System Avoidance

Recommendations

Conclusion

References

7

National Artificial Intelligence Strategies: A Comparison of the UK, EU and US Approaches with Those Adopted by State Adversaries

Abstract 

Introduction

 AI Strategies of the UK, EU and US

 The UK AI Strategy

 The EU AI Strategy

 The US AI Strategy

 AI Strategies of Russia and China

 The Chinese AI Strategy

 The Russian AI Strategy

 Shortcomings and Recommendations

 Shortcomings of the UK AI Strategy

 Shortcomings of the EU AI Strategy

 Shortcomings of the US AI Strategy

Shortcomings of the Chinese AI Strategy

Shortcomings of the Russian AI Strategy

Conclusion

 

References

 

 

 

O autorze

Dr. Reza Montasari is a Senior Lecturer in Cyber Threats at the Department of Criminology, Sociology and Social Policy in the School of Social Sciences at Swansea University, Wales, United Kingdom (UK). Dr. Montasari is also a member of the Cyber Threats Research Centre (CYTREC) at Swansea University, which focuses on addressing a wide range of online threats, from terrorism, extremism and cybercrime to child sexual exploitation and grooming online. Reza serves as a Member of Strategic Independent Advisory Group at South Wales Police (Cardiff, Wales, UK), and a Programme Chair, Programme Steering Member, and Committee Member of the Annual International Conference on Global Security, Safety & Sustainability. Reza holds a BSc (Hons) in Multimedia Computing and an MSc in Computer Forensics both from the University of South Wales and a PhD in Digital Forensics from the University of Derby. He is a Fellow of Higher Education Academy (FHEA), a Chartered Engineer (CEng), and a Member of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET).

Reza’s main research interests lie in the areas of Digital Forensics, Cyber Security, Cyber Warfare, and Artificial Intelligence but also include Cyber Law and Cyber Criminology. Reza is a prolific publisher of academic research and is frequently invited to present or be a panelist at various international security-related conferences. Reza is an experienced professor, supervisor and examiner of both undergraduate and postgraduate candidates, as well as having extensive experience in reviewing and examining programmes of study. Reza is also very experienced at designing, developing and validating both new programmes of studies and new modules. He is or has been an External Examiner to various universities and has also acted as the External Member of Validation Panel for various undergraduate and postgraduate courses