Cosmic Chemical Evolution: Proceedings of the 187th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, Held at Kyoto, Japan, 26–30 August 1997

ISBN-13: 9781402004483 / Angielski / Twarda / 2002 / 242 str.

K. Nomoto;J.W. Truran

Opis

The open cluster NGC 6791 is now considered both the oldest and the most metal-rich known. Its age is 8 -10 Gyrs, twice as old as the canonical solar-metallicity cluster M67 (Garnavich et al. 1994; Demarque, Green, & Guenther 1992; Tripicco et al. 1995). That its metallicity is significantly above solar is suggested from moderate-resolution spectroscopy and from a mismatch of its color-magnitude diagram (CMD) with solar-metallicity isochrones. Tripicco et al. (1995) find Fe/H] = +0.27 to +0.44. The cluster population is rich. In addition to about a dozen red giants and two dozen red horizontal-branch stars, the cluster has several very hot HB stars (Kaluzny & Udalski 1992). Liebert et al. (1994) have shown that the extremely blue stars are mostly sdB/sdO stars and at least 3 or 4 are likely cluster members, the first ever discovered in an open cluster. These may provide the key to the puzzling upturn in ultraviolet flux below 1500A seen in many high-metallicity systems (Burstein et al. 1988; Ferguson et al. & Liebert 1993).

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Preface. Conference Papers in order of Presentation: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis; D.N. Schramm. Light Elements Abundances: New Insights on Stellar Mixing and Galactic Production; F. Primas. The First Stars; D. Arnett. Type 1A Supernovae and Chemical Evolution of Galaxies; K. Nomoto, et al. The Chemical Evolution of Light Elements in Our Galaxy; N. Prantzos. Nucleosynthesis in Red Giant Stars; N. Mowlavi. Fluorine Production from AGB and WR Stars; N. Mowlavi, G. Meynet. Deuterium Abundance in the Local ISM; J.L. Linsky, B.E. Wood. Abundances in Halo Population Stars; C. Sneden. Abundances in the Galactic Disk; B. Edvardsson. Abundances in a Hot Horizontal-Branch Star in the Old Open Cluster NGC/6791; R.C. Peterson, E.M. Green. On the Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae; X.-D. Li, E.P.J. van den Heuvel. Abundances from z = 0 to z = 5; D.G. York. Enrichment of Heavy Elements in Clusters of Galaxies; Y. Ishimaru. On the Origin of Metallicity in Lyman-Alpha Forest Systems; M. Chiba, B.B. Nath. A Metal Enriched Dark Cluster of Galaxies at Z = 1; M. Hattori. Are Elliptical Galaxies Really Metal-Rich? M. Loewenstein, R.F. Mushotzky. Chemical Evolution of Spiral Galaxies from Redshift 4 to the Present; U. Fritze-v. Alvensleben, et al. Age Problem Based on the Abundance Ratio from a High-Redshift QSO; T. Tsujimoto, et al. Stellar Yields and Chemical Evolution; B.K. Gibson. The Formation of First Generation Stars and Globular Clusters in Protogalactic Clouds; D.N.C. Lin, S.D. Murray. Constraints on Galaxy Formation from Extragalactic Globular Clusters; J.P. Brodie. The Evolution of Old Stellar Populations in Our Galaxy; S.R. Majewski. Chemical Evolution of the Magellanic Clouds; B. Barbuy, et al. Global Evolution of the Stars, Gas, Metals, and Dust in Galaxies; S.M. Fall. Conference Summary; B.E.J. Pagel. Conference Abstracts in Alphabetical Order. Nitrogen Abundance in Oxygen-Rich Giants through K to late M; W. Aoki, T. Tsuji. Asymmetrical Delayed Detonation From a 3D Hydrosimulation of a White Dwarf Explosion; E. Bravo, D. García-Senz. Numerical Simulations of the Chemical Evolution of Galaxies Using Treecode-SPH; D.K. Churches, et al. Chemical Evolution of Damped Lyman &agr; Systems; K. Denda. Abundances in Metal-Rich Stars; S. Feltzing. Abundance Pattern of Supergiants in the Field of the Small Magellanic Cloud and in the Cluster NGC 330; V. Hill. Age and Metallicity Distribution of the Disk Stars from Edge-on Galaxies; A. Just. Evolution of the Colour-Magnitude Relation of Elliptical Galaxies; T. Kodama, et al. The Optical Properties of Carbon and Graphite depend on Crystal Structure and Temperature; C. Koike, et al. Improved Theoretical Stellar Library for Population Synthesis Models; T. LeJeune, R. Buser. Chemical and Spectrophotometric Evolution of Optically Identified QSO Absorption Systems; U. Lindner, et al. Comparison of Nucleosynthesis Models; O. Nakamura. The Galactic Disc Age-Metallicity Relation; Y.K. Ng, et al. Analysis of Elemental Carbon and Oxygen Abundances in Carbon Stars &endash; They have turned out to be more Carbon-Rich than believed; K. Ohnaka, T. Tsuji. Abundances in Evolved Intermediate Mass Stars; M. Perinotto, et al. Spectral Energy Distributions of z > 2 Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field; M. Sawicki, H.K.C. Yee. Blue `Elliptical' Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field; Y. Shioya, T. Yamada. The Symbiotic-Barium Stars Link; V.V. Sm