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Corporate Governance and Ethics
ISBN-13: 9780471738008 / Angielski / Miękka / 2008 / 464 str.
Corporate Governance and Ethics
ISBN-13: 9780471738008 / Angielski / Miękka / 2008 / 464 str.
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This book is the first to present a comprehensive framework of the theory and practice of corporate governance and business ethics by focusing on the four cornerstones promoted by the AACSB. Readers will quickly gain an understanding of the main themes, perspectives, frameworks, concepts, and issues pertaining to corporate governance and business ethics from historical, global, institutional, commercial, best practices, and regulatory perspectives. Additionally, there is also complete coverage of all oversight functions of corporate governance.
“This comprehensive overview covers the theoretical and practical aspects of corporate governance and ethics.” Ethical Corporation Magazine June 2008
Part One Private Enterprise and Public Trust.
Chapter 1. The Free Market System and Business.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
The Free Enterprise System and Capital Markets.
Public Trust and Investor Confidence.
The Role and Responsibility of Business in Society.
The First Tier: Investors.
The Second Tier: Creditors.
The Third Tier: Others.
The Role of Financial Information in the Capital Markets.
Introduction to Corporate Governance.
Corporate Culture and Integrity.
Corporate Accountability.
Introduction to Business Ethics.
Classroom Implications of this Book.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Chapter 2. Corporate Governance.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Definition of Corporate Governance.
Aspects of Corporate Governance.
Shareholder Aspect.
Stakeholder Aspect.
Integrated Aspect.
Corporate Governance Structure.
Corporate Governance Principles.
Corporate Governance Functions.
Corporate Governance Mechanisms.
Sources of Corporate Governance.
Corporate Laws.
The Federal Securities Laws.
Listing Standards.
Best Practices.
Corporate Governance Reforms.
Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002.
Corporate Governance Rating.
Corporate Governance Reporting.
Global Convergence in Corporate Governance.
Differences between U.S. and European Models of Corporate Governance.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Chapter 3. Introduction to Business Ethics.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Ethical Theories.
Ethics in the Workplace.
Business Ethics.
Corporate Culture.
Incentives.
Opportunity.
Choices.
Triangle of Business Ethics.
Ethics Sensitivity.
Ethics Incentives.
Ethical Behavior.
SEC Rules on Corporate Code of Ethics.
Listing Standards.
Ethics Teaching in Business Schools.
Ethics in Institutions of Higher Education.
Professional Ethics.
Reporting Business Ethics and Conduct.
Financial Reporting Integrity.
Organizational Drivers of Integrity in Reporting.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Part Two Roles and Responsibilities of Corporate Governance Participants.
Chapter 4. Board of Directors′ Roles and Responsibilities.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Role of the Board of Directors.
Fiduciary Duties of the Board of Directors.
Duty of Due Care.
Duty of Loyalty.
Duty of Good Faith.
Duty to Promote Success.
Duty to Exercise Diligence, Independent Judgment, and Skill.
Duty to Avoid Conflicts of Interest.
Fiduciary Duties and Business Judgment Rules.
Board Committees.
Audit Committee.
Compensation Committee.
Governance Committee.
Nominating Committee.
Disclosure Committees.
Special Committee.
Board Models.
One–Tier Board Model.
Two–Tier Board Model.
Modern Board Model.
Board Characteristics.
Board Leadership.
CEO Duality.
Lead Director.
Board Composition.
Board Authority.
Responsibilities.
Resources.
Board Independence.
Director Compensation.
Board Selection.
Director Education and Evaluation.
Board Accountability.
Effective Corporate Boards.
Director Liability.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Chapter 5. Board Committee Roles and Responsibilities.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Relevance of Board Committees.
Audit Committee.
Definition of the Audit Committee.
Audit Committee Relationships with Other Corporate Governance Participants.
Historical Perspectives on Audit Committees.
Audit Committee Principles.
Audit Committee Composition.
Audit Committee Size.
Audit Committee Independence.
Member Qualifications.
Audit Committee Authority/Resources.
Audit Committee Responsibility.
Audit Committee Meetings.
Audit Committee Agenda.
Audit Committee Reporting.
Legal Liability of Audit Committees.
Evaluation of Audit Committee Effectiveness.
Audit Committee Evaluation of External Auditors.
Compensation Committee.
Structure.
Responsibilities.
Proxy Statement Disclosure.
Compensation Committee Responsibilities.
Corporate Governance Committee.
Responsibilities of the Corporate Governance Committee.
Corporate Governance Reporting/Disclosures.
Nominating Committee.
Responsibilities of the Nominating Committee.
Selection, Nomination, and Election of New Directors.
Election of Directors.
Reelection of Incumbent Directors.
Succession Planning Process.
Nominating Committee Disclosures.
Other Board Standing Committees.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Chapter 6. Roles and Responsibilities of Management.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Management Responsibilities.
Operating Process.
Financial Reporting Process.
Compliance Process.
Corporate Officers.
Chief Executive Officer.
Chief Financial Officer.
Corporate Development Officer.
Chief Risk Officer.
Chief Internal Control Officer.
Executive Compensation.
Components of Executive Compensation.
Executive Compensation Disclosure.
Financial Reporting Requirements.
Small Reporting Companies.
Financial Reporting Challenges.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements Disclosures.
Aggregate Contractual Commitments.
Disclosure of Critical Accounting Policies.
Initial Adoption of Accounting Policies.
Disclosure of Changes in Existing Accounting Policies.
Acceleration of Periodic Report Filing Dates and Real–Time Disclosures.
Non–GAAP Financial Measures.
Voluntary Changes in Accounting Policies.
Accounting Pensions and Other Postemployment Benefits.
Principles–Based versus Rules–Based Accounting Standards.
Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting.
Earnings Management.
Financial Restatements.
Convergence in Financial Reporting.
Internal Control Reporting and Executive Certifications.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
Internal Control Evaluations.
Section 404 Costs.
Benefits of Section 404 Compliance.
Sustainable Section 404 Compliance.
SEC Interpretive Guidance on ICFR.
Adequacy.
Effectiveness.
Entity–Level Controls.
Ongoing Monitoring.
Fraud Risk Considerations.
Amendments to SEC Rules Enterprise Risk Management.
Tax Accounting.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Chapter 7. Regulatory Bodies, Standard Setters, and Best Practices.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Regulations.
The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002.
Corporate Governance Provisions.
Financial Reporting Provisions.
Audit Function Provisions.
Enforcement of Federal Securities Laws.
Provisions Addressing Conduct of Other Individuals.
Evaluation of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act.
Global Reach of SOX.
Securities and Exchange Commission.
SEC Activities.
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
PCAOB Responsibilities.
PCAOB Standard–Setting Process.
Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations.
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
AICPA Roles in the Post–SOX Era.
Financial Accounting Standards Board.
Government Accounting Standards Board.
International Federation of Accountants.
Committee of European Securities Regulators.
State Influence on Corporate Governance.
Corporate Governance and Courts.
Corporate Governance and Self–Regulatory Organizations.
Best Practices.
The Conference Board.
American Law Institute.
American Bar Association.
Institutional Investors.
Council of Institutional Investors.
National Association of Corporate Directors.
Business Roundtable.
Public Pension Funds.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Chapter 8. Internal Auditorsâ?? Roles and Responsibilities.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Internal Auditing Function and Corporate Governance.
Internal Auditors as Assurance Providers.
Internal Auditors as Consultants.
Trend and Relevance of Internal Auditors.
Authorities and Responsibilities of Internal Auditors.
Authority.
Responsibility.
Internal Audit Outsourcing.
Audit Committee Relationship with Internal Auditor.
Internal Auditors′ Role in Internal Control.
Institute of Internal Auditors.
Determinants of Effective Internal Audit.
Best Practices.
Internal Audit Performance.
Internal Audit Framework.
Internal Auditing Education.
The Internal Audit Opinion on Internal Controls.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Chapter 9. External Auditors′ Roles and Responsibilities.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
External Auditing and Corporate Governance.
External Auditor Responsibilities.
Auditor Competency.
Audit Failures and Audit Quality.
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
Registration and Inspection of Public Accounting Firms.
PCAOB Auditing Standards.
PCAOB Enforcement Investigations.
Audit Committee Oversight of External Auditors.
Appointment, Compensation, and Retention of Auditors.
Preapproval of Audit Services and Permissible Nonaudit Services.
Review of Independent Auditor Plan for the Integrated Audit.
Review and Discussion of Financial Reports.
Monitoring the Auditor′s Independence.
Auditor Rotation Requirement.
Independent Auditor Communication with the Audit Committee.
Auditor Independence.
Consolidation and Competition in Public Accounting Firms.
Integrated Audit Approach.
Audit Strategy.
Audit of Defined Benefit Pensions.
Auditor Liability Limitation Agreements.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Chapter 10. Stakeholders′ Roles and Responsibilities.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Shareholders.
Shareholder Monitoring.
Shareholder Proxy Process.
Security Class Actions.
Institutional Investors.
Institutional Investors′ Monitoring.
Governance of Institutional Investors
Mutual Funds.
Improving the Oversight Function.
Chief Compliance Officer.
Code of Ethics.
Hedge Funds.
Investor Activists.
Employee Monitoring.
Employee Ownership.
Employee Roles in Corporate Governance.
Employee Class Actions.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Chapter 11. Roles and Responsibilities of Other Corporate Governance Participants.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Legal Counsel.
Communication with Legal Counsel.
SEC Rules of Professional Conduct for Lawyers.
Responsibilities of Legal Counsel.
Financial Advisors.
Securities Analysts.
Standard I: Information Flow.
Standard II: Analyst Conduct.
Standard III: Corporate Communication and Access.
Standard IV: Reviewing Analyst Reports or Models.
Standard V: Issuer–Paid Research Reports.
Investment Banks.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Part Three Contemporary Issues in Business Ethics and Corporate Governance.
Chapter 12. Technology and Corporate Governance.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Information Technology.
Cybercompany Model.
Electronic Communication with Shareholders.
Electronic Commerce.
Electronic Financial Reporting.
Extensible Business Reporting Language.
Costs and Benefits of XBRL.
XBRL Application.
Future of XBRL.
Continuous Auditing.
Technology Solutions.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Chapter 13. Corporate Governance in Private and Not–for–Profit Organizations.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Types of NPOs.
State and Local Governments.
Health Care Organizations.
Colleges and Universities.
Charitable Organizations.
Purpose and Role of NPOs.
Public Trust in NPOs.
Governance of NPOs.
Governance of Institutions of Higher Education.
Ethics in Institutions of Higher Education.
Applicability of Corporate Governance Reforms to Private Companies and NPOs.
Governance Structure of NPOs.
Governance Principles
Governance Mechanisms.
Oversight Function of NPOs.
Duties of the Board of Directors/Trustees.
Board Committees.
Responsibilities of the Board of Directors/Trustees.
Attributes of Board Members.
Audit Committees of NPOs.
Best Practices.
Internal Control in NPOs.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Chapter 14. Corporate Governance in Transition.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Historical Perspective of Corporate Governance.
Corporate Governance: A Global Perspective.
Corporate Governance in the United States.
Corporate Governance in the United Kingdom.
Corporate Governance in Germany.
Corporate Governance in Japan.
Corporate Governance in Other Countries.
Convergence in Corporate Governance.
Corporate Governance in Multinational Corporations.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Chapter 15. Emerging Issues in Corporate Governance.
Introduction.
Primary Objectives.
Investor Confidence and Global Financial Markets.
Global Financial Markets.
Global Corporate Governance.
Corporate Governance Reporting.
Accountability: The New Business Imperative.
Social, Environmental, and Ethics Performance.
Corporate Social Responsibility.
Environmental Performance.
Ethics Performance.
Shareholder Challenging Issues.
Nomination Process.
Voting System.
Proxy Statements.
Challenges Facing Directors.
Director Accountability and Personal Liability.
Separation of the Chairperson of the Board and CEO Roles.
Director Compensation and Stock Ownership.
Executive Compensation.
Unresolved Director Issues.
SOX Compliance Challenges.
Financial Reporting Challenges.
Financial Restatements.
Enhanced Business Reporting.
Stock Options Accounting.
Antifraud Program and Practices.
Global Financial Reporting Standards.
Future of Financial Reporting.
Pension and OPEB Plans Accounting.
The Use of Derivatives Speculation.
Enterprise Risk Management.
XBRL–Generated Financial Reports.
Emerging Auditing Issues.
Auditor Independence.
Auditor Changes.
Engagement Letters.
Audit Failure.
Integrated Audit Approach.
Concentration of and Competition in Public Accounting Firms.
Continuous Auditing.
Confirmations.
Audit Report.
Auditor Liability.
Audit Implications of Convergence to IFRS.
Summary.
Key Terms.
Review Questions.
Discussion Questions.
Notes.
Index.
Zabihollah Rezaee is the Thompson–Hill Chair of Excellence and Professor of Accountancy at the University of Memphis. He holds CPA, CFE, CMA, CIA, and CGFM certifications. He is the author of Financial Institutions, Valuations, Mergers and Acquisitions and Financial Statement Fraud: Prevention and Detection and has published more than 135 articles in a variety of accounting and business journals.
“ The time has come for business schools —supported by AACSB International—to renew and revitalize their commitment to the centrality of ethical responsibility at both the individual and corporate levels in preparing business leaders for the twenty–first century.” —Ethics Education Task Force of the AACSB The First Comprehensive Guide to a Critical Aaspect of Business Today. In today’s global business environment, no business education is complete without a thorough understanding of—and commitment to—corporate governance and ethical conduct. This comprehensive primer will help you gain insight into the main themes, concepts, and issues relating to corporate governance and business ethics from historical, global, institutional, commercial, best practices, and regulatory perspectives. With this book, you’ll gain insight into the responsibility of business in society; ethical decision making and how to practice it; how to be an ethical leader; and how to practice corporate governance. The three sections of the book inform you about: The free market system and business The importance of financial information to investors and the capital markets, and the emergence of corporate governance and business ethics practice and education. The roles and responsibilities of participants in the oversight, managerial, compliance, auditing, advisory, and monitoring functions of corporate governance. Emerging trends in corporate governance and business ethics education Effective corporate governance assists management in better running its organization; promotes vigilant oversight by the board of directors; encourages shareholders to take an active role in monitoring their organizations; aids gatekeepers in fulfilling their professional duties; and improves public trust in the organization’s affairs and performance. Covering all the oversight functions of corporate governance as well as state and federal laws, listing standards, and best practices worldwide, this book will prepare you to incorporate good governance and ethical conduct into your business career.
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