1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Historical background 1.2 Description of the Continuous Casting Process and the Evolution of Machine Design 1.3 Advantages of Continuous Casting over Ingot Casting 2 LIQUID STEEL SUPPLY 2.1 General details 2.2 Compositional Control 2.3 Temperature Control in Ladle and Tundish 2.4 Tundish Technology 2.5 Ladle to Tundish Teeming 2.6 Tundish to Mould Teeming 3 MACHINE COMPONENTS, HEAT TRANSFER AND STRAND SOLIDIFICATION, 3.1 Mould Technology 3.2 Strand Support Systems and Secondary Cooling 3.3 Strand Straightening and Strand Withdrawal 3.4 Computer Simulation Models 4 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS AND FACTORS AFFECTING AS-CAST QUALITY 4.1 Categorisation of Final Products and the As-cast 4.2 Affect of Chemical, Process and Engineering Parameters on Surface Defects 4.3 Effect of Chemical, Process and Engineering Parameters on Internal Quality 4.4 Geometrical Defects 5 SPECIAL PROCESSES AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 5.1 Horizontal Casting 5.2 Beam Blank Casting 5.3 Thin Slab Casting 5.4 Strip Casting 6 PROCESS CONTROL AND ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT 6.1 Automatic On-line Process Control Systems Continuous Casting of Steel 6.2 On-Line Monitoring Systems 6.3 Off-Line Measuring
W.R. Irving is a physicist by profession and joined the steel industry in 1964 at the Research laboratories of Richard Thomas and Baldwins where he carried out his first research on continuous casting on the vertical slab caster at Penteg works.