Contaminated Sediments

ISBN-13: 9783642099755 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 181 str.

Tarek A. Kassim; Dami Barcel

Opis

EnvironmentalChemistryisarelativelyyoungscience.Interestinthissubject, however, isgrowingveryrapidlyand, althoughnoagreementhasbeenreached as yet about the exact content and limits of this interdisciplinary discipline, there appears to be increasing interest in seeing environmental topics which are based on chemistry embodied in this subject. One of the ?rst objectives of Environmental Chemistry must be the study of the environment and of natural chemicalprocesseswhichoccur in theenvironment. Amajor purpose ofthisseriesonEnvironmentalChemistry, therefore, istopresentareasonably uniform view of various aspects of the chemistry of the environment and chemical reactions occurring in the environment. The industrial activities of man have given a new dimension to Envir- mental Chemistry. We have now synthesized and described over ?ve million chemicalcompoundsandchemicalindustryproducesabouthundredand?fty milliontonsofsyntheticchemicalsannually. Weshipbillionsoftonsofoilper yearandthroughminingoperationsandothergeophysicalmodi?cations, large quantities of inorganic and organic materials are released from their natural deposits.Citiesandmetropolitanareasofupto15millioninhabitantsproduce large quantities of waste in relatively small and con?ned areas. Much of the chemical products and waste products of modern society are released into the environment either during production, storage, transport, use orultimate disposal. These released materials participate in natural cycles and reactions and frequently lead tointerference and disturbance of natural systems. Environmental Chemistry is concerned withreactions in the environment. It is about distribution and equilibria between environmental compartments. It is about reactions, pathways, thermodynamics and kinetics. An important purpose of this Handbook, is to aid understanding of the basic distribution andchemical reactionprocesses whichoccur intheenvir

Spis treści

The Influence of Contaminated Sediments on Sustainable Use of the Planet.- Chlorinated and Brominated Organic Pollutants in Contaminated River Sediments.- Effects of Static vs. Tidal Hydraulic Conditions on Biogeochemical Processes in Mesocosms: Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (AHs).- Marine Sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluations (TIEs): History, Principles, Methods, and Future Research.- Nucleic Acid-Based Techniques for Studying Diversity and Activity of Bacterial Communities in Oil-Contaminated Sediments.- Steady-State Model of Chemical Migration in a Sediment Cap.

Blurb

When discussing the issue of contamination of the aquatic environment, water pollution is still the major aspect that has been regulated and extensively studied, but poor attention has been devoted to sediments. Sediments have been described as the sink or storage place and a source for contaminants entering river systems through various pathways. But bottom sediments have various functions in the environment, such as providing habitat for many aquatic organisms, and are an important component of aquatic ecosystems.
This volume of the Handbook deals with various aspects of sediment contamination such as the fate and behavior of persistent organic pollutants, the application of sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) protocols, and the various ways to degrade toxic pollutants from sediments. Overall the book provides readers the fundamental knowledge needed to better understand the complex issue of contaminated sediments.