Consultation in Neurourology: A Practical Evidence-Based Guide

ISBN-13: 9783319639093 / Angielski / Miękka / 2017 / 312 str.

Jacques Corcos; Mikolaj Przydacz

Opis

This book is aimed to bring the reader into the heart of the action of any health professional consulted for a patient with a neurogenic bladder (NB). Extensive textbooks of the NB exist but there is a lack of an actual practical guide for diagnosis and management of patients suffering from NB.

Spis treści

Table of Contents

 

Foreword(s)

Preface

Part I

INTRODUCTION

 

Chapter 1

Book Presentation with Overview of Bladder Physiology

 

Book Presentation

Organization of Summaries and Recommendations

Overview of the Physiology of Lower Urinary Tract

 

Chapter 2

Neurogenic Bladder Pathophysiology

 

Introduction

Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity

Neurogenic Detrusor Underactivity

Detrusor-Sphincter Dyssynergia

Neurogenic Sphincter Deficiency

Conclusion

 

Chapter 3

Pathologies Responsible for the Development of the Neurogenic Bladder

 

Introduction

Traumatic Entities and their Neuro-Urological Consequences

Head Injury

Spinal Cord Injury<

            Spinal shock

            Suprasacral injury

            Sacral injury

            Spinal cord injury and bladder behaviour – general overview

Non-Traumatic Entities and Their Neuro-Urological Consequences

Suprapontine Lesion (Brain)

Cerebrovascular accident

Degeneration (Parkinsonian syndrome, Dementia)

Brain Tumors

Cerebral Palsy

 

Infrapontine-Suprasacral Lesion (Spinal Cord)

Demyelination (Multiple sclerosis, Transverse myelitis)

Spina Bifida

Sacral-Infrasacral Lesion (Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nervous System)

Intervertebral Disk Prolapse

Peripheral Neuropathies (Diabetes, Iatrogenic causes)

Conclusion

 

Part II

FIRST CONSULTATION OF PATIENTS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY

 

Chapter 4

Medical History and Physical Examination

 

Introduction

Medical History

Physical Examination

Conclusion

 

Chapter 5

Testing

 

Introduction

Recommended Tests

Urinalysis/urine Culture

Blood Chemistry

Voiding Diary

Postvoid Residual

Urinary Tract Ultrasound

Elective Tests

Urethrocystoscopy

Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Other

Uroflowmetry

Urodynamic Testing

Video-urodynamics

Specialist Uro-neurophysiological Tests

Conclusion

 

Chapter 6

Bladder Management and Follow-Up Plan

 

Introduction

Bladder Management

Follow-up Plan

Conclusion

 

Part III

CONSULTATIONS FOR MAIN COMPLAINTS IN NEUROGENIC BLADDERS

 

Chapter 7

Incontinence Due to Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity

 

Introduction

Epidemiology

Diagnosis

History and Physical Examination

Bladder Diary and Questionnaires

Urinalysis and Urine Culture

Pad-weighing Test

Renal Evaluation

Other Investigations

Urodynamics

            Involuntary detrusor contractions

            Decreased bladder compliance

            Increased bladder sensation

            Decreased cystometric capacity

Treatment

Conservative Treatment

Pharmacological Treatment

            Oral administration

            Transcutaneous administration

            Intravesical administration

Botulinum Toxin A Injections

Neurostimulation/Neuromodulation

            Sacral neuromodulation

            Tibial nerve stimulation

            Transcutaenous electrical nerve stimulation<

Surgery

            Bladder augmentation and detrusor myectomy

            Urinary diversion

Conclusion

 

Chapter 8

Retention

 

Introduction

Epidemiology

Diagnosis

History and Physical Examination

Bladder Diary and Questionnaires

Urinalysis and Urine Culture

Uroflowmetry

Postvoid Residual

Renal Evaluation

Bladder Ultrasound

Other Investigations

           Patients with retention due to neurogenic detrusor underactivity (Detrusor underactivity, Reduced bladder sensation, Increased cystometric capacity)

            Patients with retention due to detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia

Treatment

Treatment of Patients with Retention Due to NDU

            Intermittent catheterization

            Indwelling catheterization

            Sacral neuromodulation

            Other modalities

Treatment of Patients with Retention Due to DSD

            Intermittent catheterization + pharmacotherapy

Botulinum toxin A injections

Sacral neuromodulation

External sphincterotomy

Indwelling catheteriation, urinary diversion

Special Consideration for Patients With Detrusor Hyperactivity and Impaired Contractility

Conclusion     

 

Chapter 9

Incontinence Due to Neurogenic Sphincter Deficiency

 

Introduction

Epidemiology

Diagnosis

Medical History

Physical Examination

Other Recommended and Elective Tests

Urodynamics

Treatment

Conservative Treatment

            Pelvic floor muscle therapy

Surgery

            Artificial urinary sphincter

Slings

            Bulking agents

Artifical compression devices (balloon insertion)

Invasive surgery

Conclusion

 

 

Part IV

CONSULTATIONS FOR COMPLICATIONS OF NEUROGENIC BLADDER

 

Chapter 10

Urinary Tract Infection

 

Introduction

Definitions

Epidemiology

Diagnosis

Symptoms and Signs

Laboratory Testing

Additional Testing

Treatment

Prevention

Mechanical Strategies for UTI Prevention

            Intermittent catheterization

            Indwelling catheterization

Medical Strategies for UTI prevention

             

Conclusion

 

Chapter 11

Urolithiasis

 

Introduction

Epidemiology

Risk Factors

Stone Composition

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis

Treatment

Preoperative Considerations in Neurogenic Patents Suffering from Uroliathisis

            Treatment Options

Prevention

Conclusion

 

Chapter 12

Hydronephrosis

 

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Diagnosis

Medical History and Physical Examination

Laboratory Testing

Imaging

            Ultrasound

            Computed tomography

            Other techniques

Treatment

Drainage

            Percutaneous nephrostomy

            Ureteral stents

            Other

Vesicoureteral Reflux

Conclusion

 

Chapter 13

Renal Failure

 

Introduction

Epidemiology

Diagnosis

Chronic Kidney Disease (Chronic Renal Failure)

            Definitions and staging

            Signs and symptoms

            Laboratory data

            Imaging studies

Acute Kidney Injury

            Definitions and staging<

            Signs and symptoms

            Laboratory data

            Imaging studies

Treatment

Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease

            Urinary diversion

            Renal replacement therapy

Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury

Conclusion

 

Chapter 14

Autonomic Dysreflexia

 

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology

Aetiology

Diagnosis

Symptoms and Signs

Consequences

Treatment

Acute Management

Chronic Management (Prevention)

Conclusion

 

Chapter 15

Other (Bladder Cancer, Sexual Dysfunction)

 

Bladder cancer

Epidemiology<

Risk Factors

Screening

Diagnosis and Treatment

Sexual Dysfunction

Epidemiology

Diagnosis

Treatment

            Management of sexual (erectile) dysfunction in the male

Management of sexual dysfunction in the female)

Conclusion

 

Chapter 16

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Neurogenic Bladder

 

Introduction

Epidemiology

Diagnosis

Treatment

Pharmacological Treatment

Surgical Treatment

Other Treatment Options

Conclusion

 

Part V

 PATIENT EDUCATION

 

Chapter 17

Patient Education

 

Introduction

Intermittent Catheterization

Behavioural Techniques

Toileting Assistance

Pelvic Floor Muscle Therapy

Lifestyle Intervention

Care of Urinary Diversion

Conclusion

 

Part VI

REPORTS AND GUIDELINES

 

Chapter 18

Reports and Guidelines on Neurogenic Bladder

 

General Neurourological Guidelines

Patients after Spinal Cord Injury

Pediatric Patients

Urodynamics

Regional Guidelines

 

O autorze

Jacques Corcos, CMS, MD, FRCS

Professor of Surgery (Urology)

Department of Urology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University

3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Pavilion E,

H3T 1E2, Montréal, Québec, Canada

 

                       

Mikolaj Przydacz, MD

Department of Urology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University

3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Pavilion E,

H3T 1E2, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Blurb

This book is aimed to bring the reader into the heart of the action of any health professional consulted for a patient with a neurogenic bladder (NB). Extensive textbooks of the NB exist but there is a lack of an actual practical guide for diagnosis and management of patients suffering from NB. This book provides a single source of information on consultation in neurourology.  The text covers both urinary incontinence and retention resulting from NB dysfunction. The book also discusses complications of NB which include urinary tract infections, hydronephrosis, renal failure or autonomic dysreflexia. Sections  address these clinical issues faced by physicians. This book provides a useful guide with comprehensive and practical instructions for all practitioners dealing with NB in their day-to-day clinical practice. It will serve as a valuable resource for those with a special interest in NB.  The book reviews new data about diagnostic and management options. It also provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current NB guidelines from different societies. All chapters include the most up to date scientific and clinical information with the relevant level of clinical evidence and grade of recommendation.