Connections, Cognition and Alzheimer's Disease

ISBN-13: 9783642645044 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 194 str.

Bradley T. Hyman; Charles Duyckaerts

Opis

Alzheimer's disease invades the brain from the inside. Unlike an abcess, a metas- tasis or an infarct, the disease follows specific tracks and avoids certain cortical areas while flourishing in others. Any observer is struck by the exquisite selectiv- ity of the lesions and could, indeed, conclude that Alzheimer's disease knows neuroanatomy. However, should the term "disease" be used to define this disor- der? Several genes, located on at least three different chromosomes, have been implicated in the disease. The ApoE4 genotype has been shown to be an impor- tant risk factor, but dementia pugilistica also suggests that environment can be involved in at least some aspects of the disorder. These data favor the now preva- lent view that Alzheimer's disease should instead be considered as a syndrome, and probably all of the contributors to this volume are ready to endorse this point of view. If "Alzheimer's syndrome" is the final common pathway to several pathoge- netic mechanisms, there should be an event at one point in the course of the spe- cific etiology that triggers a somewhat stereotypic diffusion process along some neural connections. Scientists who are fascinated by the way in which the ner- vous system has morphologically encoded its function after a long phylogenetic history are also fascinated by this pathological progression of Alzheimer's syn- drome.

Spis treści

Aspects of Cortical Destruction in Alzheimer’s Disease.- Cortical Feedforward and Cortical Feedback Neural System in Alzheimer’s Disease.- Plaques and Tangles: Where and When?.- Cortical Mapping of Pathological Tau Proteins in Several Neurodegenerative Disorders.- Neurofibrillary Tangles are Associated with the Differential Loss of Message Expression for Synaptic Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease.- Morphologic and Neurochemical Characteristics of Corticocortical Projections: Emergence of Circuit-Specific Features and Relationships to Degenerative Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease.- Reduced Neuronal Activity is one of the Major Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease.- Neurodegenerative Alzheimer — Like Pathology in PDAPP 717V ?F Transgenic Mice.- Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Disconnection in Alzheimer’s Disease.- Is Alzheimer’s Disease Accelerated Aging? Different Patterns of Age and Alzheimer’s Disease Related Neuronal Losses in the Hippocampus.- Connections and Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease.- Distributed Hierarchical Neural Systems for Visual Memory in Human Cortex.- Brain and Language.

Blurb

The fundamental relationship between the neuropathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease and the problem of what underlies the clinical syndrome has remained unsolved since the beginning of the century. Are neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques directly related to clinical symptoms, or are they epiphenomena that signal synaptic and neuronal loss? In the last decade, these questions have been revisited through systematic studies of individuals with various degrees of dementia using newer immunohistochemical techniques and quantitative approaches to neuropathological study. It is now possible to have a uniform picture of Alzheimer's disease dementia as resulting from collapse of specific neural systems, as pathological changes selectively and specifically involve structures related to memory and higher cognitive functions.This book contains the proceedings of a meeting organized by the Fondation Ipsen which brought together researchers in neuropathology, molecular biology, genetics, neuropsychology, brain imagery and clinical neurology. .