Conditional Cash Transfer Programs in Ecuador and Chile: The Role of Policy Diffusion

ISBN-13: 9783030510077 / Angielski / Twarda / 2020 / 255 str.

Cecilia Osorio Gonnet

Spis treści

Chapter 1. Introduction

 Chapter 2. Social Policies and Conditional Cash Transfer Programs (CCTs) in Latin America

2.1 Conditional Cash Transfer Programs

2.2 The social policy context of the 1990s

2.3 CCTs in Latin America

a. Characteristics of the CCTs

b. The emblematic cases of CCTs in the region: Brazil and Mexico

c. CCT Assessments and Challenges

2.4. The debate about the diffusion of the programs

Chapter 3. Mechanisms and actors in the diffusion of policies. State of the issue and theoretical proposal

3.1. The Policy Diffusion Approach

a. Diffusion mechanisms

3.2. Discussion on the approach and study proposal

Chapter 4. Quantitative Analysis of the Diffusion of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs in Latin America

4.1 The wave of diffusion of the Conditional Cash Transfer Programs

a. The wave of diffusion of the CCTs

b. The diffusion of the CCT model and its behavior over time

b.1. The essential characteristics

b.2. Behavior over time of secondary and additional components

4.2. Statistical models and their contribution to research hypotheses

a. Period analyzed and time variables

b. Analysis unit

c. Dependent variable

d. Independent variables

d.1. Domestic independent variables

d.2. External independent variables

e. Presentation of the models

4.3 Analysis of results

Chapter 5. The Epistemic Community and International Organizations in the Diffusion of CCTs

5.1. The epistemic community and the role of banks during the first years of the wave of diffusion

5.2. The epistemic community from 2000

5.3. The epistemic community and other international organizations

5.4. Final comments

Chapter 6. Chile. The Chile Solidario program

6.1. The context in which the Chile Solidario program emerged

6.2. The process of adopting the Chile Solidario program

6.3. The learning diffusion mechanism

Chapter 7. Ecuador, the Human Development Bond

7.1. The economic and political context

7.2. The process of adoption of the Bono Desarrollo Humano and its stakeholders

a. 1998- 2003: The Bono Solidario

b. The inclusion of conditionalities: The transition from Bono Solidario to Bono Desarrollo Humano

c. The Bono Desarrollo Humano and the social protection

7.3. Diffusion mechanisms: moderate coercion and emulation

Chapter 8. Conclusions

8.1. Discussion about the hypotheses

a. "The most suitable alternative." The consensus after the adoption of the CCTs

b. Diffusion through various mechanisms: learning, emulation and moderate coercion

c. National institutional capacities and their linkage to diffusion mechanisms

8.2. Considerations regarding the approach and methodology adopted

8.3. Remaining issues and future challenges

O autorze

Cecilia Osorio Gonnet holds a Ph.D. in Political and Social Sciences from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. She is currently an Assistant Professor at the Politics and Government Department, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Chile. Her most recent book was “Learning or emulating: how social policies are disseminated in Latin America” (2018).

Blurb

In this book, Cecilia Osorio Gonnet takes the reader on a journey from the rise of Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) in Mexico and Brazil though their spread across Latin America over the late 20th and early 21st centuries.  What makes this text a must read is how Osorio Gonnet analyses this spread; combining an impressive array of qualitative and quantitative data to show how endogenous and exogenous forces interacted to shape the nature of individual CCT programs, within an underlying set of ‘essential’ elements.  Forming the fundamental uniqueness of this investigation was Osorio Gonnet’s notable empirical study of the epistemic community that developed, changed, and acted as the catalyst for the spread and understanding of CCTs amongst the regions policymakers.  Osorio Gonnet’s core arguments are illustrated a detailed analysis of the diametrically different cases of Chile’s Solidario program and what became Ecuador’s Bono Desarrollo Humano program.  Not only will this text help form the basis of future studies through the question it raises in relation to diffusion, but it will be a must read for anyone interested in Conditional Cash Transfers, Comparative Policy Analysis, Policy Studies, Policy Diffusion and Policy Transfer studies.
- David Dolowitz, University of Liverpool, UK

This book offers readers a deeper understanding of the diffusion process of the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs in Latin America and the role played by experts and international organizations. CCTs have been increasingly implemented around the world in recent decades, and by 2010, 17 countries in Latin America had adopted them. The evidence suggests that this concentration is due to a process of policy diffusion. International organizations contribute to this process; however, the book’s main argument is that there was another, more important actor involved: a regional epistemic community that increased the availability of information about CCTs and reinforced their legitimacy, playing a role in the domestic processes of formulation and adoption.

This book addresses the diffusion of the programs throughout the region; diffusion mechanisms that can help us understand the programs’ adoption (emulation, learning and coercion); and the impacts of key actors on the process (epistemic community, international organizations and policymakers).

Cecilia Osorio Gonnet holds a Ph.D. in tPolitical and Social Sciences from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Currently, she is an Assistant Professor at the Politics and Government Department, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Chile. Her most recent book was “Learning or emulating: how social policies are disseminated in Latin America” (2018)