Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics 1: Fundamental and General Techniques

ISBN-13: 9783540530589 / Angielski / Miękka / 1991 / 401 str.

Clive A.J. Fletcher

Opis

This well-known 2-volume textbook provides senior undergraduate and postgraduate engineers, scientists and applied mathematicians with the specific techniques, and the framework to develop skills in using the techniques in the various branches of computational fluid dynamics. A solutions manual to the exercises is in preparation.

Recenzje

From the reviews
"In summary, a book of considerable utlity both in the classroom and as a reference volume ... Fletcher's book is sure to become an invaluable tool for student and researcher alike, and a trusted introduction and guide to the rapidly evolving field of CFD."
(H. Aref in: Journal of Fluid Mechanics)

Spis treści

1. Computational Fluid Dynamics: An Introduction.- 1.1 Advantages of Computational Fluid Dynamics.- 1.2 Typical Practical Problems.- 1.2.1 Complex Geometry, Simple Physics.- 1.2.2 Simpler Geometry, More Complex Physics.- 1.2.3 Simple Geometry, Complex Physics.- 1.3 Equation Structure.- 1.4 Overview of Computational Fluid Dynamics.- 1.5 Further Reading.- 2. Partial Differential Equations.- 2.1 Background.- 2.1.1 Nature of a Well-Posed Problem.- 2.1.2 Boundary and Initial Conditions.- 2.1.3 Classification by Characteristics.- 2.1.4 Systems of Equations.- 2.1.5 Classification by Fourier Analysis.- 2.2 Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations.- 2.2.1 Interpretation by Characteristics.- 2.2.2 Interpretation on a Physical Basis.- 2.2.3 Appropriate Boundary (and Initial) Conditions.- 2.3 Parabolic Partial Differential Equations.- 2.3.1 Interpretation by Characteristics.- 2.3.2 Interpretation on a Physical Basis.- 2.3.3 Appropriate Boundary (and Initial) Conditions.- 2.4 Elliptic Partial Differential Equations.- 2.4.1 Interpretation by Characteristics.- 2.4.2 Interpretation on a Physical Basis.- 2.4.3 Appropriate Boundary Conditions.- 2.5 Traditional Solution Methods.- 2.5.1 The Method of Characteristics.- 2.5.2 Separation of Variables.- 2.5.3 Green’s Function Method.- 2.6 Closure.- 2.7 Problems.- 3. Preliminary Computational Techniques.- 3.1 Discretisation.- 3.1.1 Converting Derivatives to Discrete Algebraic Expressions.- 3.1.2 Spatial Derivatives.- 3.1.3 Time Derivatives.- 3.2 Approximation to Derivatives.- 3.2.1 Taylor Series Expansion.- 3.2.2 General Technique.- 3.2.3 Three-point Asymmetric Formula for [?T/?x]jn.- 3.3 Accuracy of the Discretisation Process.- 3.3.1 Higher-Order vs Low-Order Formulae.- 3.4 Wave Representation.- 3.4.1 Significance of Grid Coarseness.- 3.4.2 Accuracy of Representing Waves.- 3.4.3 Accuracy of Higher-Order Formulae.- 3.5 Finite Difference Method.- 3.5.1 Conceptual Implementation.- 3.5.2 DIFF: Transient Heat Conduction (Diffusion) Problem.- 3.6 Closure.- 3.7 Problems.- 4. Theoretical Background.- 4.1 Convergence.- 4.1.1 Lax Equivalence Theorem.- 4.1.2 Numerical Convergence.- 4.2 Consistency.- 4.2.1 FTCS Scheme.- 4.2.2 Fully Implicit Scheme.- 4.3 Stability.- 4.3.1 Matrix Method: FTCS Scheme.- 4.3.2 Matrix Method: General Two-Level Scheme.- 4.3.3 Matrix Method: Derivative Boundary Conditions.- 4.3.4 Von Neumann Method: FTCS Scheme.- 4.3.5 Von Neumann Method: General Two-Level Scheme.- 4.4 Solution Accuracy.- 4.4.1 Richardson Extrapolation.- 4.5 Computational Efficiency.- 4.5.1 Operation Count Estimates.- 4.6 Closure.- 4.7 Problems.- 5. Weighted Residual Methods.- 5.1 General Formulation.- 5.1.1 Application to an Ordinary Differential Equation.- 5.2 Finite Volume Method.- 5.2.1 Equations with First Derivatives Only.- 5.2.2 Equations with Second Derivatives.- 5.2.3 FIVOL: Finite Volume Method Applied to Laplace’s Equation.- 5.3 Finite Element Method and Interpolation.- 5.3.1 Linear Interpolation.- 5.3.2 Quadratic Interpolation.- 5.3.3 Two-Dimensional Interpolation.- 5.4 Finite Element Method and the Sturm-Liouville Equation.- 5.4.1 Detailed Formulation.- 5.4.2 STURM: Computation of the Sturm-Liouville Equation.- 5.5 Further Applications of the Finite Element Method.- 5.5.1 Diffusion Equation.- 5.5.2 DUCT: Viscous Flow in a Rectangular Duct.- 5.5.3 Distorted Computational Domains: Isoparametric Formulation.- 5.6 Spectral Method.- 5.6.1 Diffusion Equation.- 5.6.2 Neumann Boundary Conditions.- 5.6.3 Pseudospectral Method.- 5.7 Closure.- 5.8 Problems.- 6. Steady Problems.- 6.1 Nonlinear Steady Problems.- 6.1.1 Newton’s Method.- 6.1.2 NEWTON: Flat-Plate Collector Temperature Analysis.- 6.1.3 NEWTBU: Two-Dimensional Steady Burgers’ Equations.- 6.1.4 Quasi-Newton Method.- 6.2 Direct Methods for Linear Systems.- 6.2.1 FACT/SOLVE: Solution of Dense Systems.- 6.2.2 Tridiagonal Systems: Thomas Algorithm.- 6.2.3 BANFAC/BANSOL: Narrowly Banded Gauss Elimination.- 6.2.4 Generalised Thomas Algorithm.- 6.2.5 Block Tridiagonal Systems.- 6.2.6 Direct Poisson Solvers.- 6.3 Iterative Methods.- 6.3.1 General Structure.- 6.3.2 Duct Flow by Iterative Methods.- 6.3.3 Strongly Implicit Procedure.- 6.3.4 Acceleration Techniques.- 6.3.5 Multigrid Methods.- 6.4 Pseudotransient Method.- 6.4.1 Two-Dimensional, Steady Burgers’ Equations.- 6.5 Strategies for Steady Problems.- 6.6 Closure.- 6.7 Problems.- 7. One-Dimensional Diffusion Equation.- 7.1 Explicit Methods.- 7.1.1 FTCS Scheme.- 7.1.2 Richardson and DuFort-Frankel Schemes.- 7.1.3 Three-Level Scheme.- 7.1.4 DIFEX: Numerical Results for Explicit Schemes.- 7.2 Implicit Methods.- 7.2.1 Fully Implicit Scheme.- 7.2.2 Crank-Nicolson Scheme.- 7.2.3 Generalised Three-Level Scheme.- 7.2.4 Higher-Order Schemes.- 7.2.5 DIFIM: Numerical Results for Implicit Schemes.- 7.3 Boundary and Initial Conditions.- 7.3.1 Neumann Boundary Conditions.- 7.3.2 Accuracy of Neumann Boundary Condition Implementation.- 7.3.3 Initial Conditions.- 7.4 Method of Lines.- 7.5 Closure.- 7.6 Problems.- 8. Multidimensional Diffusion Equation.- 8.1 Two-Dimensional Diffusion Equation.- 8.1.1 Explicit Methods.- 8.1.2 Implicit Method.- 8.2 Multidimensional Splitting Methods.- 8.2.1 ADI Method.- 8.2.2 Generalised Two-Level Scheme.- 8.2.3 Generalised Three-Level Scheme.- 8.3 Splitting Schemes and the Finite Element Method.- 8.3.1 Finite Element Splitting Constructions.- 8.3.2 TWDIF: Generalised Finite Difference/Finite Element Implementation.- 8.4 Neumann Boundary Conditions.- 8.4.1 Finite Difference Implementation.- 8.4.2 Finite Element Implementation.- 8.5 Method of Fractional Steps.- 8.6 Closure.- 8.7 Problems.- 9. Linear Convection-Dominated Problems.- 9.1 One-Dimensional Linear Convection Equation.- 9.1.1 FTCS Scheme.- 9.1.2 Upwind Differencing and the CFL Condition.- 9.1.3 Leapfrog and Lax-Wendroff Schemes.- 9.1.4 Crank-Nicolson Schemes.- 9.1.5 Linear Convection of a Truncated Sine Wave.- 9.2 Numerical Dissipation and Dispersion.- 9.2.1 Fourier Analysis.- 9.2.2 Modified Equation Approach.- 9.2.3 Further Discussion.- 9.3 Steady Convection-Diffusion Equation.- 9.3.1 Cell Reynolds Number Effects.- 9.3.2 Higher-Order Upwind Scheme.- 9.4 One-Dimensional Transport Equation.- 9.4.1 Explicit Schemes.- 9.4.2 Implicit Schemes.- 9.4.3 TRAN: Convection of a Temperature Front.- 9.5 Two-Dimensional Transport Equation.- 9.5.1 Split Formulations.- 9.5.2 THERM: Thermal Entry Problem.- 9.5.3 Cross-Stream Diffusion.- 9.6 Closure.- 9.7 Problems.- 10. Nonlinear Convection-Dominated Problems.- 10.1 One-Dimensional Burgers’ Equation.- 10.1.1 Physical Behaviour.- 10.1.2 Explicit Schemes.- 10.1.3 Implicit Schemes.- 10.1.4 BURG: Numerical Comparison.- 10.1.5 Nonuniform Grid.- 10.2 Systems of Equations.- 10.3 Group Finite Element Method.- 10.3.1 One-Dimensional Group Formulation.- 10.3.2 Multidimensional Group Formulation.- 10.4 Two-Dimensional Burgers’ Equation.- 10.4.1 Exact Solution.- 10.4.2 Split Schemes.- 10.4.3 TWBURG: Numerical Solution.- 10.5 Closure.- 10.6 Problems.- Appendix A.1 Empirical Determination of the Execution Time of Basic Operations.- A.2 Mass and Difference Operators.- References.