Historical Background.- Taxonomy, Designation, General Characteristics, and Determination of Compression Wood.- The Structure of Compression Wood.- Chemical Properties of Compression Wood.- Distribution of Chemical Constituents.- Physical Properties of Compression Wood.- Origin and Evolution of Compression Wood.- Formation of Compression Wood.- Incidence and Occurrence of Compression Wood.- Fundamental Factors Causing Formation of Compression Wood.- Gravitropism and Compression Wood.- Physiology of Compression Wood Formation.- Inheritance of Compression Wood.- Ecology of Compression Wood Formation.- Silviculture and Compression Wood.- Mechanism of Compression Wood Action.- Compression Wood in Lumber, Plywood, and Board Manufacture.- Compression Wood in Pulp and Paper Manufacture.- Compression Wood Induced in Firs by the Balsam Woolly Aphid (Adelges piceae).- Opposite Wood.