Cognitive Science in Europe: A Report from the Fast Programme of the Commission of the European Communities

ISBN-13: 9783540965954 / Angielski / Miękka / 1987 / 236 str.

Michel Imbert; Paul Bertelson; Ruth Kempson

Opis

AIMS AND ORGANISATION OF THE PRESENT REPORT This document is a report on the state of Cognitive Science research in the European Economic Community. Since Cognitive Science is a young discipline, we have taken part of our task to be an exposition of its goals, methods and progress, and of its significance for technology. Subsequent to this exposition we survey the intellectual resources devoted to Cognitive Science research within member nations of the EEC. Specific proposals for the advancement of the discipline in Europe are also formulated. In more detail, the six chapters comprising the report may be summarized as follows. -Chapter 1 (What is Cognitive Science?) is an overview of the major research themes that define contemporary Cognitive Science. The relation of these themes to current technological issues Is also briefly discussed. -Chapter 2 (Survey of cognitive competencies) treats four principal axes of Cognitive Science research In more detail. Our discussion Is at once theoretical and applied Inasmuch as we describe potential app lications of basic research to technological and societal issues. -Chapter 3 (Biological perspective on Cognitive Science) is a discussion of neuroscience approaches to Cognitive Science. This chapter is intended to under line the distinction between Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence. -Chapter 4 (Cognitive ergonomics) highlights the study of man-machine interaction. It may be usefully accompanied by FAST series N" 9: "Mismatch between machine representations and human concepts".

Spis treści

Preface.- Table A: Participants.- Table B: National Correspondents.- Table C: Contributors to Chapters 1–4.- 1 — What is Cognitive Science?.- Cognitive Science Prism.- 2 — Survey of Cognitive Competencies.- Section 2.1: Perception.- 2.1.1: The scope of research in perception.- 2.1.2: Overview of vision research.- 2.1.3: Applications of perceptual research.- 2.1.3.1: Prevention and correction of sensory loss.- 2.1.3.2: Perceptual performance.- 2.1.3.3: Technological applications.- 2.1.3.4: Reading.- 2.1.4: Prospects for future research on the visual system.- Section 2.2: Language.- 2.2.1: Formal theories of language.- 2.2.2: Psychological studies of language processing.- 2.2.3: Speech studies.- 2.2.4: Prospects.- Section 2.3: Inference.- 2.3.1: Probabilistic reasoning.- 2.3.2: Problem-solving.- 2.3.3: Machine inductive inference.- Section 2.4: Action.- 2.4.1: Placing action perspective.- 2.4.2: Trends in the study of action.- 2.4.2.1: The neurophysiological approach.- 2.4.2.2: From action to cognition: the developmental approach.- 2.4.2.3: Actions that convey meaning.- 2.4.2.4: Fitting action to the environment: the ecological approach.- 2.4.2.5: Perceiving action.- 3 — Biological Perspective on Cognitive Science.- Section 3.1: Recent advances in the neurosciences.- 3.1.1: At the molecular level.- 3.1.2: At the cellular and intercellular levels.- 3.1.3: At the behavioral level.- Section 3.2: Neuroscience perspective on brain pathology.- 3.2.1: Language and communication.- 3.2.2: Reading and writing (Dyslexia and dysgraphia).- 3.2.3: Memory (Amnesia).- 3.2.4: Object and person recognition (Agnosia and prosopagnosia).- 3.2.5: Prospects in neuropsychology.- Section 3.3: Parallel processing in the cerebral hemispheres.- Section 3.4: Future prospects in neuroscience.- 3.4.1: Impact on health.- 3.4.2: Impact on the organization of work.- 3.4.3: Impact on technology.- 3.4.4: Impact on education and society.- 4 — Cognitive Ergonomics.- Section 4.0: Introduction.- Section 4.1: The relevance of human-computer interaction (HCI).- 4.1.1: Software vs. Hardware Ergonomics.- 4.1.2: Cognitive Ergonomics and Human Factors.- Section 4.2: Some comments on history.- Section 4.3: Basic aspects of human-computer interaction (HCI).- 4.3.1: Human-computer Interaction and Problem solving.- 4.3.2: Elements of Human-Computer interaction.- Section 4.4: Cognitive Science and Human-Computer interaction.- 4.4.1: Perception in Human-Computer Interaction.- 4.4.2: Language in Human-Computer interaction.- 4.4.3: Inference and Memory in Human-Computer Interaction.- 4.4.4: Action in Human-Computer interaction.- 4.4.5: Additional topics in Cognitive Ergonomics.- Section 4.5: Concluding remarks and aspects of future research.- 5 — Survey of Cognitive Science resources in the EEC.- Section 5.1: Introduction.- Section 5.2: Belgium.- Section 5.3: Denmark.- Section 5.4: France.- Section 5.5: German Federal Republic.- Section 5.6: Great Britain.- Section 5.7: Italy.- Section 5.8: The Netherlands.- Section 5.9: Spain.- Section 5.10: Switzerland & Scandinavia.- 6 — Analysis and Proposals.- Section 6.1: Analysis.- Section 6.2: Proposals.- 6.2.1: First proposal: coordinated research in Cognitive Science on a European scale.- 6.2.2: Second proposal: a European Institute of Cognitive Science.- 6.2.3: Other proposals.- Table 6A.- Table 6B.- Table 6C.- Table 6D.