Climate and Development: Climate Change and Variability and the Resulting Social, Economic and Technological Implications

ISBN-13: 9783540512691 / Angielski / Miękka / 1990 / 477 str.

H. -J Karpe; Dieter Otten; Sergio C. Trinidade

Opis

The Hamburg Congress on Climate and Development was conceived as a response to the worldwide interest on issues of climatic change and variability. It was intended as an interdisciplinary forum to bring together differing perceptions in a face to face dialogue. Even though concern over climate change has been on the international agenda of international interest became evident in the for over a decade, a new surge wake of two recent events. One was the widespread support received by the 1987 Brundtland Commission Report, Our Common Future, and the other was the 1988 Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Although the problem of the ozone layer related to a single category of sub stances (CFCs), it took many years and a dramatk discovery of the ozone hole in Antarctica to allow for a breakthrough leading to an international agreement. The problems associated with climatic change and variability are much more com plex and pervasive than those of the ozone layer, and a much wider range of national and international issues are involved. The discussions in the 1988 session of the General Assembly of the United Nations revealed a surge of interest and growing awareness of the international community of the issues involved. Before that, the June 1988Toronto Conference on "The Changing Atmosphere: Implications for Global Security" was a signifi cant effort in forging a consensus on desirable targets for global action."

Spis treści

1 Overview: Report of the Hamburg Congress.- The Highlights of Deliberations.- The Hamburg Manifesto.- The Hamburg Action Plan.- 2 The Larger Perspectives.- 2.1 Message of UN Secretary General.- 2.2 Opening Speech.- 2.3 Opening Lecture: Climate, Society and the Historical Development.- 2.4 Opening Speech.- 2.5 Statement.- 2.6 Environmental Degradation — a Threat to Development.- 2.7 Possible Policies and Options in the European Community to Respond to Climatic Changes.- 2.8 Political Perception of Climate Change: Still Chalk on the White Wall?.- 2.9 Climatic Change — Its Political Challenge to the International Community.- 3 The Scientists’ Perceptions.- 3.1 Climate and Development: Scientific Efforts and Assessment — The State of the Art.- 3.2 Programmes and Co-operation in Climatic Research — a Means to the Understanding of the Climate System as a Requirement to Cope with the Climate Issue.- 3.3 To Limit and to Adjust: Some Human Dimensions of Global Climatic Change.- 3.4 Some Strategies of Response in Agriculture to Changes of Climate.- 3.5 Climate Variability, Climate Change and the Development Process in Sub-Saharan Africa.- 3.6 Modelling the Climatic Effects of Trace Gases: Reduction Strategy and Options for a Low Risk Policy.- 3.7 Contributions to the Atmospheric CO2 Increase by Changes in the Land Biosphere: Analysis of the Past and Present, Including Possible Future Developments.- 3.8 Long Range Strategic Concepts to Reduce Drought Damages to Agriculture.- 3.9 Energy Options and Climatic Effects.- 3.10 Anthropogenic Climatic Changes.- 3.11 Climate Change — Secular Trends in Urban Temperature.- 4 The Industry Point View.- 4.1 Industry’s Attitude BDJ.- 4.2 Climatic Risks and the Role of Energy Use.- 4.3 A UNICE Perspective on the Greenhouse Effect.- 5 Views of Non-governmental Organisations.- 5.1 Responding to Climatic Change: The Crucial Role of the NGOs.- 5.2 Strategies and Recommendations for the Protection of the Tropical Rainforests.- 5.3 Escaping the Heat Trap: Policies to Prevent Climate Change A statement at the Hamburg Congress.- 6 Concerns of Developing Countries.- 6.1 Social Impacts of Climatic Variations, a Developing Region’s Viewpoint.- 6.2 Drought in the Brazilian Northeast: Some Features of its Socio-Economic Impact.- 6.3 Summary of Views of Developing Country Participants Statement at the Hamburg Congress.- 7 International Initiatives.- 7.1 Strategies to Respond to Climate Changes — the Role of International Organisations.- 7.2 Climate and Development: Agricultural Practices and Water Resources.- 7.3 Climate Change and Human Health.- 7.4 Climate Change: Roles of UNESCO and IOC with Particular Reference to the Ocean.- 7.5 An Overview of International Developments, Trends and Actions.- 8 Where do we go from here?.- Where do we go from here?.- United Nations General Assembly Resolution.