Chromosomal Alterations: Origin and Significance

ISBN-13: 9783642788895 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 402 str.

G. Nter Obe; Adayapalam T. Natarajan

Opis

Due to sensitive molecular biological techniques, our understanding of chromosomal aberrations is steadily increasing. Provided here is a review of basic and applied aspects of the field. Chromosome structure, induction of DNA lesions by different clastogenic agents and their repair, induction of aberrations by agents which affect specific sequences in the DNA, and factors affecting induction and yield of chromosomal aberrations are covered.
Further, topics such as automation of aberration scoring, problems associated with using chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in population monitoring and the importance of chromosomal aberration assays in mutagenicity testing of chemicals are included.

Spis treści

Radiation-Induced Formation of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Plasmids and E.coli.- UV-induced pyrimidine monoadducts and their in vivo photofootprints.- Chromatin Structure, Hyperthermia and Repair of UV-Induced DNA Photolesions in Mammalian Cells.- An Inherited Homogeneously Staining Region Derived from a Long-Range Repeat Family in the House Mouse.- Detection of Genetic Imbalances in Tumor Genomes by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization with Tumor Genomic DNA and Subregional DNA Probes.- Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in cytogenetical studies.- The Use of Premature Chromosome Condensation and Chromosome Painting to Understand Chromosome Exchange Formation.- The Role of DNA Double-Strand-Break Rejoining in Chromosome Damage and Repair.- Investigations of Aberration Origins Using BrdUrd.- Elucidation of Some Factors Involved in the Formation of Chromosomal Aberrations by Inhibiting the Repair Polymerase.- Use of Antitopoisomerase Drugs to Study the Mechanisms of Induction of Chromosomal Damage.- Search for Perturbations induced by X-irradiation in the G2 Phase of Human Lymphocytes.- A Comparison of Radiation-Induced Aberrations in Human Cells Involving Early and Late Replicating X Chromosomes.- Radioprotective Chemicals as Tools for Studying Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Chromosome Damage in Human Lymphocytes.- Factors Determining the Yields of Radiation-Induced Chromosomal Aberrations as Visualised by Means of Premature Chromosome Condensation in Interphase Cells.- Synergism and adaptive response in the interaction of low dose irradiation with subsequent mutagenic treatment in G2 phase human lymphocytes.- Responses of Radiosensitive Mutant Mammalian Cell Lines to Restriction Endonuclease induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks.- Quantitative Localization of Chromatid Breaks Induced by Alu I in the Long Arms of Chromosomes Number 1 of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells by Microphotometric Scanning.- “Life time” of AluI inside Glycerol-Induced Vesicles in CHO Cells.- Progress in Automatic Dicentric Hunting.- The Micronucleus Assay with Rodent Peripheral Blood and Acridine Orange Supravital Staining.- The Formation of Micronuclei after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation.- Excision Repaired Sites, Chromosome Breaks and Chromosome Loss Measured Simultaneously in Human Lymphocytes using the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Assay and Cytosine Arabinoside.- The Potential of FISH for Meiotic Segregation Analysis.- Reliable Chromosome Studies of Human Oocytes and Spermatozoa using the Gradual Fixation-Air Drying (GF-AD) Method.- Nondisjunction by Failures in the Molecular Control of Oocyte Maturation.- Cytogenetic and Molecular Investigations in Chromosomal Instability Syndromes.- Distributions of Spontaneous Chromosomal Aberrations and of Spontaneous and Induced SCE and Micronuclei in Peripheral Lymphocytes from a Human Population.- Does the Genetic Deficiency in ALDH2 Determine the Alcohol-Drinking Behavior and the Induction of Chromosome Alterations in Peripheral Lymphocytes by Alcohol?.- Variability of chromosomal alterations in human peripheral lymphocytes of smokers and nonsmokers.- Chromosome analysis in accidental, occupational and environmental radiation exposure.- New Approaches to Design and Interpretation of in vitro Chromosomal Aberration Tests.- Comments on Short-Term Cytogenetic Assays for Screening of Environmental Chemical Carcinogens.- Localized Chromosomal Aberrations in the Heterochromatic q Arm of the X Chromosome in V79 Chinese hamster cells and the Implications for Industrial in vitro Cytogenetic Screening.- Cytogenetic Studies in Laboratory Animals Exposed by Inhalation to Mainstream Smoke or Environmental Tobacco Smoke.- Evolutionary Aspects of Structural Chromosome Aberrations.