Preface; Introduction to the English edition by Xin Fan; Part I. Overview: An Assessment of Traditional Culture: 1. China's military; 2. Chinese clans; 3. China's heads of state; 4. A military culture; 5. The two cycles of Chinese culture; Part II. Overview: Resistance against Japan and State-Building; 6. The place in history of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression; 7. State-building: hope for a third cycle of culture; Appendices.