1 Introduction and Overview I TRANSFOEMATION AND THE NATIONALIST STRUGGLE, 1900 TO SEPTEMBER 1949 2 105,000 Victims: Dynastic and Republican China 3 632,000 Victims: Warlord China 4 2,724,000 Victims: The Nationalist Period 5 10,216,000 Victims: The Sino-Japanese War 6 3,949,000 Victims: Japanese Mass Murder in China 7 4,968,000 Victims: The Civil War II THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 8 The People's Republic of China: Overview 9 8,427,000 Victims: The Totalization Period 10 7,474,000 Victims: Collectivization and 'The Great Leap Forward 11 10,729,000 Victims: The Great Famine and Retrenchment Period 12 7,731,000 Victims: The Cultural Revolution 13 874,000 Victims: Liberalization