Part I. The Need for Theory: Understanding the Different Contexts of Child Development: 1. Introduction: starting your journey; 2. Understanding and using theory in educational settings; 3. Observing children and using theory to analyse learning and development; Part II. Using Child Development Theory: What Does Theory Allow Us to See?: 4. Using constructivist theory for analysing learning and development; 5. Using a bioecological model for analysing learning and development; 6. Using cultural-historical theory for analysing learning and development; 7. Children and families in Australia as agents of their own development; 8. Ways of knowing, ways of being and ways of doing; Part III. Critiquing Theory: Thinking Critically about Child Development: 9. How do theories position children, families and communities?; 10. Future directions: how theories support ongoing change.