Chemical Abundances and Mixing in Stars in the Milky Way and Its Satellites: Proceedings of the Eso-Arcetrie Workshop Held in Castiglione Della Pescai

ISBN-13: 9783540341352 / Angielski / Twarda / 2006 / 391 str.

Sofia Randich; Luca Pasquini; S. Randich

Opis

Ten years after the ?rst ESO Workshop on light elements, and ?ve years after the IAU in conference in Natal (Brazil) on the same subject, we felt that it was time to have a new conference on this topic: a wealth of new observational data have become available from the 8-meter telescopes and in particular from the VLT, and, at the same time, in the last years new theoretical roads have also been inaugurated in the interpretation of the stellar data. It soon became clear, on the other hand, that in order to understand the evolution of the fragile Li and Be in stars and in the Galaxy, the whole problem of internal mixing in stars must be addressed and understood ?rst, and therefore a large number of elements must be investigated, in many di?erent environments. Adding to this general context the fact that the FLAMES facility at the VLT was o?ered to the community one year earlier, and that it was starting to produceanimpressivewealthofabundancedataofstarsintheGalaxyandinour neighborhoods, the broad concept of the ESO Arcetri workshop on Chemical Abundances and Mixing in Stars in the Milky Way and its Satellites was built. The location had to be in our beloved Toscana, and Castiglione della Pescaia was immediately identi?ed as an ideal place. To achieve from this initial proposal a full conference, which gathered - gether from September 13 to 17 more than 150 attendees in a smooth orga- zation, was possible only due to the dedicated work of the conference SOC (J."

Spis treści

Abundances in the Thin and Thick Disks.- Metallicities and ?-Abundancesin Open Clusters.- Old Open Clusters as Tracers of Galactic Chemical Evolution: the BOCCE Project.- Chemical Abundances and Mixing in Red Clump Stars of the Galaxy.- Abundance Trends in the Thin and Thick Disks.- On the Chemical Abundances of Stars with Giant Planets.- Observational Constraints on Nucleosynthesis in AGB Stars.- Advances in Chemical Abundances in Planetary Nebulae.- A Comparison of Methods for Photospheric Abundance Determinations in K-Type Stars.- S/R Ratio in Barium Stars.- Observations of 3He in Planetary Nebulae.- Chemical Composition and Kinematics of Disk Stars.- Cu and Zn in Thick-Disk and Thin-Disk Stars.- NGC2324: A Relatively Young, Metal-Poor Open Cluster Located Beyond the Perseus Spiral Arm.- Fluorine Abundances in the Galaxy.- Determination of the Age of the Galactic Thin Disk from Th/Eu Stellar Abundance Ratios.- CNO Abundances in Giants with Precise Radial Velocity Measurements.- Oxygen in Metal-Rich Stars: Abundances from [O I] 6300, OI 7771–5 and Near-UV OH.- Ci Non-LTE Spectral Line Formation in Late-Type Stars.- Does the [?/Fe] Abundance Ratio Trend Reverse at Super-Solar Regime? A Test on the Role of Accurate Knowledge of Atmospheric Parameters.- Abundances and Ages of the Deconvolved Thin/Thick Disks of the Galaxy.- Studying Old Open Clusters with Detached Eclipsing Binaries.- Isotopic Abundances in RGB- and AGB-Stars.- Abundance Variations in the Galactic Disk: Planetary Nebulae, Open Clusters and Field Stars.- Some Concerns About the Reliability of LTE Abundance Analyses in Cool, Active Stars.- Chemo-Dynamical Properties of F-G-K Stars in the ?1.0 Spectra.- Metallicity in Open Clusters.- Light– and Heavy-Element Abundances from Mid-UV and Optical Spectral Syntheses.- FLAMES Observations of the Star Forming Region NGC 6530.- The “Not-so-MAD” Coronal Abundances of Active Stars.- Fundamental Parameters of B Supergiants.- High Precision Effective Temperatures and New Abundances for a Large Sample of Disk Stars.- Elemental Abundances in 10 Dwarfs of the Galactic Thick Disk.- Abundances in the Spheroidal Component.- Abundances in the Galactic Bulge.- Abundance Ratios in the Galactic Bulge.- Abundances in Globular Cluster Dwarfs/Subgiants.- Unraveling the Origins and History of the Outer Halo Cluster System.- Chemical Abundance Inhomogeneities in Globular Cluster Stars.- Red Giants Survey in ? Cen: Preliminary FLAMES GTO Results.- Galactic Evolution of Carbon and Nitrogen.- First Stars: Abundance Patterns from O to Zn and Derived SNe Yields in the Early Galaxy.- Nitrogen in the Early Universe.- Abundance of Heavy Elements in Extremely Metal-Poor Stars.- The Chemical Compositions of Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars.- Lead Stars at Low Metallicity: Observation versus Theory.- Sulphur in the Early Ages of the Galaxy.- Star Clusters in the Galactic Anticenter Stellar Structure: New Radial Velocities & Metallicities.- Abundance Variations in NGC 288, NGC 362 and NGC 1851.- Heavy Elements and Chemical Enrichment in Globular Clusters.- The Effect of Metallicity on Pulsations in B-Type Stars in the Magellanic Clouds.- VLT-FLAMES Observations of a Large Sample of Bulge Clump Giants.- B12, a Be-Type Star with a Low Nitrogen Abundance in NGC 330.- Chemical Abundances of Three Metal-Poor Globular Clusters in the Inner Halo.- From C-Enhanced, Metal Poor Stars to AGB Nucleosynthesis.- The Metallicity Dependence of the Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relation: Methodology and Results.- Chemical Abundances of Supersolar Metallicity Stars of Bulgelike Kinematics.- Abundance Anomalies in Hot Horizontal Branch Stars of the Galactic Globular Cluster NGC 1904.- Spectroscopy of Blue Stragglers and Turno. Stars in NGC 2506 with FLAMES.- Chemical Inhomogeneities in the Stellar System ? Centauri.- High Resolution IR Spectroscopy of Bulge Globular Clusters.- Tracing Mixing in Stars.- Pre-Main-Sequence Lithium Depletion.- Li, Be and B Destruction in Astrophysical Environments: Indirect Cross Section Measurements.- Mixing on the Main Sequence: Lithium and Beryllium in Old Open Clusters.- Lithium and Metallicity in the Intermediate Age Open Cluster NGC 752.- Multi-Object Spectroscopy of Open Clusters with FLAMES: Preliminary GTO Results.- The Halo Lithium Plateau: Outstanding Issues.- Lithium and Beryllium in Globular Cluster Stars.- Lithium Rich Red Giant Branch Stars.- Evidence of Mixing in Extremely Metal-Poor Giants.- Mixing and CNO Abundances in M Supergiants.- GIRAFFE Observations in 47 TUC: Lithium Abundances Along the Red Giant Branch.- Is an Engulfment Event at the Origin of the Li-Rich Giants?.- Local Group Galaxies.- Abundances as Tracers of the Formation and Evolution of (Dwarf) Galaxies.- Abundances in Local Group Early-Type Stars.- The Extreme Ends of the Metallicity Distribution in dSph Galaxies.- UVES Detailed Chemical Abundances in the Sgr dSph and the CMa Overdensity.- The Metallicity Distribution and Its Gradients in the LMC via Calcium Triplet Spectroscopy.- Abundances in Sagittarius Stars.- The Composition of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy and Implications for Nucleosynthesis and Chemical Evolution.- The Metallicity-Luminosity Relation for Local Group Dwarf Galaxies.- Chemical Abundances and Milky Way Formation.- Chemical Evolution in the Carina Dwarf 1Spheroidal.- Chemical Connections Between Stars in the Galaxy and its Satellites.- Abundances in Damped Ly? Galaxies.- Metallicities and Kinematics for Dwarf Spheroidals in the Local Group.- Chemical Analysis of Extragalactic Carbon Stars.- Should Chemical Abundance Distributions of Satellites Look Like Their Stellar Halos?.- Germanium in Damped Lyman-? Systems and Copper Connection.- VLT/UVES Abundances of Individual Stars in the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal Globular Clusters.- Chemical Abundances of RGB-Tip Stars in the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy.- Photometry and Spectroscopy of Bright Stars in the Carina dSph Galaxy.- Abundances in the Spheroidal Component.- Rotation and Internal Gravity Waves in Low-Mass Stars.- Helioseismic Evidence for Mixing in the Sun.- Clarifying Problems in the Description of Pre Main Sequence Evolution.- Pinning Down Gravitational Settling.- Extra-Mixing During the Red Giant Branch Evolution of Low-Mass Stars.- Rotation-Induced Mixing in Red Giant Stars.- 3D Hydrodynamical Simulations of Convection in Red-Giants Stellar Atmospheres.- Rotational Mixing in Massive Stars and Its Many Consequences.- Massive Rotating Stars at Very Low Metallicity.- The r-Process Yields in Massive Stars.- Inhomogeneous Enrichment of r-Process Elements in Our Galaxy.- The Weak sr(p)–Process in Massive Stars.- Nucleosynthesis in Low Mass Very Metal Poor AGB Stars.- A New Class of Type Ia Supernovae Inferred from Abundance Patterns of Halo Stars and High-z Galaxies.- The Influence of the Treatment of Convection on the AGB Stars Yields.- Abundances in the Spheroidal Component.- BBN and the Primordial Abundances.- The Cosmic Saga of 3He.- First Epoch Observations of 3He with the Green Bank Telescope.- Li, Be, B and Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy.- Abundance Ratios and the Formation of the Milky Way.- Chemical and Photometric Evolution of NGC 6822 in a Cosmological Context.- The Chemical Evolution of Dwarf Spheroidals.- Chemical Evolution of Late-Type Dwarfs.- N/O Abundance Ratios: Milky Way and DLAs.- The Effects of Pop III Stars on the Abundances of Spheroids.- Radio Recombination Line (RRL) Observations: Primordial Helium Determination and First Results at 408 MHz with the Croce del Nord Radiotelescope.- Multipopulation Models for Galactic Star Formation and Chemical Evolution. Effects of Stochastic Accretion and Collisional Stripping (Especially for Deuterium).- Chemical Abundances in the Local Group: Where Are We Going Next?.

Blurb

The field of chemical abundances and internal mixing of elements in stars has made large progress in the last decade. Both a wealth of new observational data and in the last years also the inauguration of new theoretical roads have been the stimulus for this ESO Workshop held in Castiglione della Pescaia, Italy, 13-17 September 2004.

The proceedings cover topics from chemical abundances in the different components of the Milky Way and in local group galaxies, via observational and theoretical papers on mixing in stars to big bang nucleosynthesis and galaxy formation and evolution.

As all volumes in this series of ESO Astrophysics Symposia this one gives a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of the forefront of research in its area. It is thus a valuable reference for both students specializing in the field and researchers alike.