Cbrn and Hazmat Incidents at Major Public Events: Planning and Response

ISBN-13: 9781119742999 / Angielski / Twarda / 2022 / 448 str.

Daniel J. Kaszeta

Spis treści

List of Figures xiiiPreface to the First Edition xviiAcknowledgments xxiIntroduction to the Second Edition xxiiiPart I: The Operational EnvironmentChapter 1: The CBRN and Hazardous Materials Threat 3Adverse Effects 3Categories of Threat Materials 7Means of Dissemination 11The Cause of the Problem: The Perpetrator 14Nuisances, Hoaxes, and Communicated Threats 15References 17Chapter 2: The Major Events Operating Environment 19Aspects of Events 19Attendees--The Commonplace "Cast of Characters" 20Public Transportation and Transport Infrastructure 23Effects of Weather, Particularly in Urban Environments 24Major Events Serve as a Multiplier for Terrorist Attacks 25The Organizational and Bureaucratic Environment 26References 30Chapter 3: Social, Behavioral, and Psychological Issues 31CBRN Materials, Fear, and Anxiety 32Assessing Group Behavior 33What Behavior do you Expect or Want? 35How do we Apply this Knowledge? 36References 39Part II: PlanningChapter 4: Interagency Planning and Cooperation 43Differences in Operational Perspectives 44Fixing the Problems of Poor Cooperation 47Incident Management Systems 48Some Critiques of Incident Management Schemes 51The Operations Center 52AD Hoc Operations Centers 54Best Practices -How to Make Operations Centers Work 54References 57Chapter 5: General Planning Considerations: Building Capability and Capacity 59Establish Your Planning Threshold 59Resilience 61Examining and Building Capability and Capacity 62The Synchronization Matrix as a Planning Tool 64Addressing the Red Ink: Operational Deficits 66Developing an Assessment Scheme 68Best Practices for an Assessment Team 70Lesson Learned: Do not get Too Hung up on Worst-Case Scenarios 73References 74Chapter 6: Buildings and Venues 75Major Types of Venue 75Reconnaissance: Site Surveys and Walkthroughs 80Physical Characteristics: Air Flow and Ventilation 83Hazardous Materials at or Near Venues 87References 88Chapter 7: Procurement: Buying Goods and Services 91Interacting with Vendors in an Intelligent Way 92Detection and Identification Hardware 94Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 96Decontamination 97References 99Chapter 8: Preparedness in the Medical Sector 101References 101Sizing up the Problem 102Preparedness at the Field Level: The Concept of "Special Events Medical Services" 105Preparedness at the Hospital Level: Getting Ready for MassCasualty Incidents (MCI) in the CBRN/HAZMAT Arena 106Preparedness at the Public Health Level: Biomedical Surveillance 108Dealing with the "Worried Well" 109Lesson Learned: Intensive Care Can be the Critical Shortfall 111References 112Chapter 9: Preparedness in the Law Enforcement, Security, and Intelligence Sectors 115Understanding the Process of CBRN Terrorism 116Anti-Terrorism: Preventing or Deterring an Attack 118Preparing Police to Operate in CBRN Environments 121Lesson Learned: Countersurveillance--PretendLike you are the Bad Guys 124Lesson Learned: Use the 1-2- 3 Rule 124References 125Chapter 10: Preparedness in the Firefighting, Rescue, and Hazardous Materials Disciplines 127Adapting the Fire Service Response to CBRN/HAZMAT Incidents at Major Events 127Responder Safety 129Planning for Decontamination 129Rescue in the Hot Zone: Who and How? 130CBRN/HAZMAT Mitigation 133Lesson Learned: Follow the Hart Team 135References 136Chapter 11: Preparedness and Response in the Private Sector and "Third Sector" 137Private Versus Public Spaces 137Private Security Personnel 138Facility Management Staff 141Charities, Volunteers, and "Unaffiliated Responders" 142PPE for the Private Sector and Third Sector Responders 144References 145Chapter 12: The Military--Preparing for Military Support to the Civil Authorities 147Understanding Military CBRN Philosophy 147Relationship Between Military and Civil Authorities 149Issues and Problems with Military Support 152Some Ideas to Help Integrate Military Support 154Lesson Learned: Civil Support Teams 155Reference 155Chapter 13 Other Preparedness Issues 157Transportation and Logistics 157Communications Technology 158Financial and Administrative Preparedness 159Legal Considerations 160Language Support 162Laboratory and Scientific Preparedness 162Reach-Back 166Lessons Learned: There's Almost Always an International Context 168References 168Part III: ResponseChapter 14: The First Hour 173What to do in the First Hour 173Assessment of Incidents 175Essential Elements of Information (EEI) 175Sizing up The Incident 177What Not to do in the First Hour 182Withdrawal as a Tactic 183Lessons Learned from History 183References 184Chapter 15: Characterizing the Threat 185Detection, Identification, Measurement, and Identification Equipment and its Use 185Specifications of Sensors 191Putting it Together: Writing Sensors into Operational Plans 192Thinking out of the Box--Detection Using Non-Specialty Sensor Technology 194Hazard Prediction Models 196Lesson Learned: Leveraging Existing Detection Capabilities 196References 197Chapter 16: Medical Response 199Dividing the Problem into Syndromes 199Managing The Incident--Being Realistic in Chemical Scenarios 201Field Care--Remember the ABCDD 203Practical Incident Management Measures 204Definitive Care 206Lesson Learned: Treat the Patient not the Scenario 208Mini-Chapter: Lessons from a Pandemic 209References 212Chapter 17: Decontamination 215Why do Decontamination? 215Decon at Major Events 217Categories of Decontamination 218Methods of Decontamination 220Tactical Considerations 221Lesson Learned: Large Volume Decontamination is Possible 227References 227Chapter 18: Public Affairs and Crisis Communication 229The Audience: Who are we Talking to? 230Principles of Communicating in a Crisis 231Joint Information Centers 233What Not to do 233The Phenomenon of Bad Information 234Lesson Learned: Conspiracy Theories and Disinformation will Multiply in a CBRN Environment 237References 237Chapter 19: Consequence Management and Other Response Measures 239General Frameworks and References for Consequence Management 239Lesson Learned: Victims from Other Countries 248References 248Chapter 20: Forensics and Investigations 251CBRN Forensics as a Specialty 251Collection and Preservation of Evidence: General Considerations 253Integrity of the Evidence 255Possible Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures 257Lessons Learned 260References 261Part IV: Practical ScenariosIntroduction to the Practical Scenarios 265Scenario A Searching Arenas and Stadiums 267Scenario B Screening People, Goods, and Vehicles 275Scenario C Threats and Hoaxes 281Scenario D Unattended Items and Vehicles 287Scenario E Suspicious Powders and Crime Scene Issues 291Scenario F Industrial Chemical Accidents 295Scenario G Mystery Smells and Illnesses 299Scenario H Chemical Warfare Agent Terrorism on Public Transport 305Scenario I Large-scale Chemical Terrorism 311Scenario J Attacks with Biological Warfare Agents 317Scenario K Pandemic Illness 321Scenario L Radiological Attacks 327Scenario M Major Nuclear Power Plant Incident 333AppendicesAppendix A Example Threat Basis and Planning Threshold 339Appendix B Template for a CBRN/HAZMAT Site Survey 343Appendix C Example Task Lists, Capability Survey, and Capacity Survey 347Appendix D Synchronization Matrix--SimplifiedExample 351Bibliography 355Index 365

O autorze

Daniel J. Kaszeta is an Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute in London. He is widely regarded as a subject matter expert in the field and has written several books and numerous articles for a variety of publications. He has served in relevant roles in the US Army Chemical Corps, the US Department of Defense, the White House Military Office, and the US Secret Service. He was responsible for CBRN protection of the White House for 12 years and has highly specialized experience in major public events.