Cast Methods in Modelling: Computer Aided Systems Theory for the Design of Intelligent Machines

ISBN-13: 9783642956829 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 376 str.

Franz Pichler; Heinz Schw Rtzel

Opis

Microtechnologies and their corresponding CAD tools have meanwhile reached alevel of sophistication that requires the application of theoretical means on all modelling levels of design and analysis. Also, there is a growing need for a scientific approach in modelling again. Many concepts provided by Systems Theory again turn out to be of major importance. This is especially valid for the design of "machines with intelligent behaviour." When dealing with complex systems, the engineering design has to be supported by CAD tools. Consequently, the methods of Systems Theory must also get computerized. The newly established field of "Computer Aided Systems Theory" (CAST) is a first effort in this direction. The goal of CAST research and development isto provide "Systems Theory Method Banks" which can be used in education and to provide a platform for the migration of CAST methods into existing CAD tools. This book, basing on different research and development projects in CAST, is written for engineers who are interested in using and developing CAST systems, particularly in thefield of Information and Systems Engineering.

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Problem-Solving by Models.- 1.2 Systems Theory Instrumented Modelling.- 1.3 CAST — Computer Aided Systems Theory.- 1.4 CAST Methods in Modelling: An Overview.- References — Chapter 1.- 2 Cast Method Bank Systems.- 2.1 CAST Method Bank System Design.- 2.1.1 Systems Theory Method Banks.- 2.1.2 The STIPS Machine STIPS.M.- 2.1.3 Special STIPS Machines.- 2.1.4 Navigation in Systems Problem Solving.- 2.1.5 Requirements for Applications in VLSI-Design.- 2.2 CAST.FSM — Finite State Machine Method Bank System.- 2.2.1 Introduction.- 2.2.2 LOOPS Software Implementation of CAST.FSM.- 2.2.3 STIPS.FSM Implementation.- 2.2.4 CAST.FSM Application Examples.- 2.2.5 CAST.FSM Extension and Perspectives.- 2.3 CAST.FOURIER — Method Bank for Generalized Spectral Techniques.- 2.3.1 Introduction.- 2.3.2 Motivation.- 2.3.3 Generalized Spectral Techniques in Digital Image Processing.- 2.3.4 Goals and State of Development.- 2.3.5 Implementation.- 2.3.6 Concluding Remarks.- 2.4 CAST.LISAS — Simulation Tool for Regular Networks of Finite State Machines.- 2.4.1 Introduction.- 2.4.2 Main Features of CAST.LISAS.- 2.4.3 Cell Model and Activation Scheduling.- 2.4.4 Using CAST.LISAS.- 2.4.5 Further Simulation Examples.- 2.4.6 Experiences and Conclusion.- 2.5 CAST.PN — An Editor and Simulation Tool for Petri Nets.- 2.5.1 Petri Nets in CAST.- 2.5.2 Condition/Event Systems.- 2.5.3 Place/Transition Nets.- 2.5.4 Implementing the Net Theory.- 2.5.5 Implementing the User Interface.- 2.6 CAST Applications.- 2.6.1 Algebraic Decomposition of MCNC Benchmark FSMs for Logic Synthesis.- 2.6.2 CAST.FSM Applications in Cryptology.- References — Chapter 2.- 3 Modelling and Simulation.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.1.1 The Enterprise of Modelling and Simulation.- 3.1.2 The Systems Approach to Modelling and Simulation.- 3.1.3 Multi-Formalism System Modelling.- 3.2 System Specification Formalisms.- 3.2.1 A Brief Review of System Specification Formalisms.- 3.2.2 Atomic Formalisms for Combined Discrete-Continuous Modelling.- 3.2.3 Coupled Multi-Formalism System Formalism.- 3.3 Abstract Simulator Concepts.- 3.3.1 Abstract Simulator of Discrete Event Systems.- 3.3.2 Abstract Simulator for Discrete Time Systems.- 3.3.3 Abstract Simulator for Differential Equation Specified Systems.- 3.3.4 Simulators for Atomic Multi-Formalism Models.- 3.3.5 Coordinators for Coupled Multi-Formalism Models.- 3.3.6 Root-Coordinator.- 3.4 Implementations of Modelling and Simulation Environments.- 3.4.1 Implementation in PC-Scheme.- 3.4.2 The STIMS Modelling and Simulation Environment.- 3.5 Multifacetted Modelling.- 3.5.1 Introduction to Multifacetted Modelling.- 3.5.2 System Entity Structure Definition.- 3.5.3 Pruning the System Entity Structure.- 3.5.4 An Integrated Systems Theory Instrumented Modelling and Simulation Environment.- 3.6 Towards Variable Structure Modelling and Simulation.- 3.6.1 Introduction and Motivation.- 3.6.2 Ranking Typography of Variable Structure Models.- 3.6.3 A Multi-Level System Approach to Variable Structure Modelling.- 3.6.4 DEVS-Scheme Implementation of Multi-Level, Variable Structure Models.- 3.6.5 Models of Intelligent Agents.- References — Chapter 3.- 4 Machine Vision.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 CAST and Machine Vision.- 4.2.1 Building Machines That “See”.- 4.2.2 Dedicated Vision Systems.- 4.2.3 CAST Tools for Vision?.- 4.3 Modelling Objects for Visual Recognition.- 4.3.1 Modelling the Appearance of Real-Word Objects.- 4.3.2 Applying the VMT.- 4.3.3 Building the Model.- 4.3.4 Model Compilation.- 4.3.5 Conclusion.- 4.4 Spontaneous Recognition of Structured Objects.- 4.4.1 Structural Object Recognition.- 4.4.2 Structural Object Representation.- 4.4.3 Matching Structural Descriptions.- 4.4.4 Structural Techniques in Speech Recognition.- 4.4.5 Scan Paths in Human Vision.- 4.4.6 A Framework for Structural Recognition.- 4.4.7 Salient Strings of Tokens.- 4.4.8 Global Context.- 4.4.9 Summary.- 4.5 An Integrated Development Tool for Machine Vision.- 4.5.1 Introduction.- 4.5.2 Developing Knowledge-Based Vision.- 4.5.3 Implementation.- 4.5.4 Summary.- References — Chapter 4.- 5 Implementation Issues.- 5.1 Software Development for CAST.- 5.2 Building Class Hierarchies.- 5.2.1 Data Structures.- 5.2.2 Algorithm to Compute an Optimal Inheritance Hierarchy.- 5.3 Browsers for CAST Tools.- 5.3.1 Standard LOOPS Browsers.- 5.3.2 LOOPS Browser Specializations.- 5.3.3 Implementing Browsers in Common LISP, CLOS, CLX and CLUE.- 5.4 Implementing Data Persistency in LISP.- 5.4.1 Data Persistency.- 5.4.2 Internal LISP Objects.- 5.4.3 External Representation.- 5.4.4 Implementation.- 5.4.5 Open Problems.- 5.4.6 Summary.- 5.5 Direct Embedding of Procedural Code in LISP.- 5.5.1 Introduction.- 5.5.2 Conventional Use of Procedural Code.- 5.5.3 A Foreign Language Toolkit (FLT).- 5.5.4 FLT Reference.- 5.5.5 Examples.- 5.5.6 Summary.- References — Chapter 5.- Appendix: CAST.FSM User’s Guide.- A.1 CAST.FSM Background.- A.2 System Requirements.- A.2.1 Hardware.- A.2.2 Software.- A.3 CAST.FSM Installation.- A.4 Starting a CAST Session and Browsing.- A.4.1 The CAST Class Browser.- A.4.2 The CAST Instance Browser.- A.4.3 Defining a System.- A.4.4 Petri Nets Make the Difference.- A.5 Table Editing.- A.6 Analysis Operations.- A.6.1 I/O-Experiment.- A.6.2 Lattice.- A.6.3 Others.- A.7 Synthesis, System Transformations and the Realization Tree.- A.8 Living with a Prototype: Errors and Breaks.- A.8.1 Beginners and casual CAST.FSM Users.- A.8.2 Power Users.- A.9 Saving Realizations on Files.- References — Appendix.