Cardiology in Old Age

ISBN-13: 9781461587798 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 412 str.

F. Caird

Opis

As longevity increases, the scope of cardiac disorders extends more widely in the sixth decade and onward into the seventh and subse quent decades. For example, as a result of effective cardiac surgery in childhood, congential heart disease is now found with increasing frequency in adults and not exceptionally in persons over 65 years of age. The frequency of aortic valve replacement for calcific congenital valve stenosis in subjects around 70 years of age illustrates the intrusion of congenital heart disease into the older age range. Thus, the publica tion of Cardiology in Old Age will be especially welcome at this time. The Editors have assembled a formidable galaxy of experts to present the special problems of epidemiology, pathology, cardiovascu lar physiology and function, and of specific cardiac disorders in the elderly. The chapter on cardiac surgery is particularly appropriate to many current problems. The whole subject must be of growing concern to all clinicians and health workers who have increasingly to deal with older patients who have cardiovascular disorders. Knowledge of the effects of aging on the cardiovascular system is therefore of great interest and the information given in this book undoubtedly will be of value to general physicians and cardiologists, who may be expected in the future to work more closely with geriatricians in the care of the elderly. Continuing research into the problems of aging is clearly also of great importance especially in the field of cardiovascular medicine."

Spis treści

1. Epidemiology of Heart Disease in Old Age.- Mortality from Heart Disease in Old Age.- Prevalence of Heart Disease in Old Age.- Morbidity of Heart Disease in Old Age.- References.- 2. Pathology of the Myocardium and Valves.- The Normal Heart in Old Age and Normal Aging Changes.- Congenital Abnormalities.- Myocardial Pathology.- Valve Pathology.- References.- 3. Pathology of the Conduction System.- Age Changes in the Conduction System.- Pathology of Specific Conduction Abnormalities in Old Age.- References.- 4. Cardiac Output in Old Age.- Cardiac Output at Rest.- Cardiac Output During Exercise.- Causes of Reduced Cardiac Output in Old Age.- Effect of Digitalization.- Effect of Physical Activity.- Distribution of Cardiac Output in Old Age.- Limiting Factors for Physical Work Capacity in Old Age.- References.- 5. Blood Pressure and Its Regulation.- Normal Blood Pressure in the Elderly.- Failure of Blood-Pressure Regulation in the Elderly.- References.- 6. Clinical Examination and Investigation of the Heart.- Clinical Examination.- Other Investigations.- References.- 7. Blood Pressure and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in the Aged.- The Framingham Study.- Age Trends in Blood Pressure.- Age, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Risk.- Cardiovascular Risk Profiles.- Organ Damage.- Preventive Implications.- References.- 8. High Blood Pressure and Its Management.- Etiology.- Pathology.- Clinical Manifestations.- Management.- References.- 9. Clinical Features of Ischemic Heart Disease.- Symptoms of Chronic Coronary Heart Disease.- Coronary Artery Occlusion and Myocardial Infarction.- Conclusion.- References.- 10. Pulmonary Heart Disease.- Causes.- Special Aspects of Pulmonary Heart Disease in the Elderly.- Prevalence.- Physiopathology.- Edema and Salt Retention in Pulmonary Heart Disease.- Polycythemia in Pulmonary Heart Disease.- Clinical Features.- Treatment.- Treatment During Exacerbations with Heart Failure.- Prognosis.- Miscellaneous Causes.- References.- 11. Valvular Heart Disease.- Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease.- Nonrheumatic Mitral Valve Disease.- Aortic Valve Disease.- Aortic Incompetence.- Tricuspid Valve Disease.- Pulmonary Valve Disease.- Multivalvular Disease.- References.- 12. Remediable Heart Disease: Bacterial Endocarditis, Heart Disease and the Thyroid, Heart Disease and Anemia, Pericardial Disease.- Bacterial Endocarditis.- Heart Disease and the Thyroid.- Heart Disease and Anemia.- Pericardial Disease.- References.- 13. Cardiac Glycosides.- Action of Cardiac Glycosides.- Use of Glycosides.- References.- 14. Diuretics.- Sites of Action.- Groups of Diuretic Drugs.- Side Effects.- Choice of Diuretic.- Combination Therapy.- References.- 15. Management of Cardiac Failure.- Diagnosis.- Principles of Management.- Assessment of Progress.- Resistant Cardiac Failure.- Prognosis.- References.- 16. Coronary Care for the Elderly.- The Aged in Coronary Care Units.- Management in the Coronary Care Unit.- Management of Complications.- Economics of the Elderly in the Coronary Care Unit.- Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Home.- References.- 17. Cardiac Arrhythmias in the Aged.- and Overview.- Basic Considerations.- Normal Cardiac Rhythms.- Abnormal Cardiac Rhythms.- References.- 18. Management of Heart Block.- Syncope and the ECG.- Clinical Diagnosis of Syncope.- Complete Block Without Syncope.- Prognosis in Acquired Complete Block Without Pacing.- Drug Treatment of Complete Block.- Indications for Pacing.- Methods of Pacing.- Pacing Failure.- Results of Pacing.- Size of the Pacing Problem.- References.- 19. Cardiac Surgery in the Elderly.- General Assessment.- Mitral Valve Disease.- Aortic Valve Disease.- Multiple-Valve Disease.- Ischemic Heart Disease.- Congenital Lesions.- Conclusion.- References.- Glossary of Drug Names.