Cardiac Mechanics and Function in the Normal and Diseased Heart

ISBN-13: 9784431680208 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 353 str.

Masatsugu Hori; Hiroyuki Suga; Jan BAAN

Opis

Cardiovascular dynamics is a field in which modelling and systems analysis have formed an extremely important discipline. For example, understanding of even such a fundamental function of the circulation as the relationship between central venous pressure apd cardiac output has required evolution of a pertinent model based on years of exhaustive ex perimental investigations by Starling, Starr, and Guyton. Hemodynamic analyses of pulsatile pressures and flows in the arteries and veins have been a continuing challenge taken up by champions of fluid dynamics such as Frank, Wetterer, Taylor, and Wormersley, just to mention a few names, and some kind of model was always proposed as a conceptual framework. An even greater challenge to cardiovascular dynamicists was how to analyze the intermittent coupling of the ventricle and the arterial or venous vasculature through the valve. The availability of numerical solutions by computer and the recently evolved ventricular model with a time-varying elastance and a pressure-dependent internal resistance opened the way to analysis of this coupling. The ever increasing speed of computers has also facilitated trips between the fre quency and the time domain, even on-line for some experimental studies. This book contains many analyses dedicated to the interactions between the heart and the vasculature, providing the reader with findings at the cutting edge of current research in this field."

Spis treści

A. Cellular Aspect of Cardiac Mechanics.- Preface.- Ca2+ Transients in Perfused Hearts: Fundamental Properties of the Chemical Signals Underlying Ventricular Mechanics.- Mechanics of the Sarcomere.- Rapid Relengthening in Isolated Cardiac Cells and the Origin of Diastolic Recoil.- Isotonic Segment Dynamics of Isolated Cardiac Muscle.- Pathology of the Cardiac Collagen Matrix: Mechanical and Functional Effects.- The Cellular Basis of Stunned Myocardium.- Isozymic Changes in Human Cardiac Myosins Due to Overload.- B. Mechanical Properties of the Ventricle.- Preface.- Integrity of Myocardial Fiber Structure Maintained by Fiber Load Induced Local Growth.- Contractility and Pump Function of In Vivo Left Ventricle and Its Coupling with Arterial Load: Testing the Assumptions.- The Concept of Systolic Myocardial Stiffness with Applications to the Assessment of Myocardial Contractility in Health and Disease.- Determinants of Diastolic Function.- Equilibrium Volume and Passive Pressure-Volume Relationship in the Intact Canine Left Ventricle.- Discrepancy Between Slow Relaxation and Increased Myocardial Stiffness.- Coronary Circulation and Cardiac Function.- Pressure-Volume Relation of the Left Atrium in Man.- C. Ventricular Function and Interaction Between Heart and Vessels.- Preface.- Energetics of the Heart.- An Energetic Analysis of Myocardial Performance.- Ventricular Pressure-Volume Relations Demonstrate Positive Inotropic Effect of Increased Arterial Impedance.- Physiological and Pharmacological Interventions on Coupling of Heart and Arterial Load.- Ventricular Matching with the Arterial System in Chronically Instrumented Dogs.- Right Ventricular Function in Relation to Pulmonary Arterial Impedance.- Dynamics of Left Ventricular Filling.- Ventricular Interaction and the Role of the Pericardium: Effects of Right Ventricular Loading.- D. Regional and Chamber Mechanics in Ischemic and Hypertrophic Hearts.- Preface.- A New Method of Analyzing Regional Myocardial Function of the Ventricle.- Regional Wall Motion in the Ischemic Heart.- Assessment of Left Ventricular Filling Patterns in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.- Assessment of Diastolic Function of Hypertrophic Heart by Doppler Echocardiography.- Assessment of Cardiac Function in Diseased Heart by Catheterization Study.- Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction.- E. Cardiac Function in Heart Failure.- Preface.- Neurohumoral Abnormalities and Adrenoceptor Changes in Chronic Heart Failure.- Adrenergic Receptors and Signal Transduction in Myocardial Hypertrophy, Ischemia, and Failure.- Adrenergic Regulation During Exercise in Patients with Heart Failure.- Exercise Hemodynamics in Patients with Heart Failure.- New Inotropic Agents for Treatment of Heart Failure.