CMOS Imagers: From Phototransduction to Image Processing

ISBN-13: 9781402079610 / Angielski / Twarda / 2004 / 242 str.

Orly Yadid-Pecht; Orly Yadid-Pecht; Ralph Etienne-Cummings

Opis

The idea of writing a book on CMOS imaging has been brewing for several years. It was placed on a fast track after we agreed to organize a tutorial on CMOS sensors for the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2004). This tutorial defined the structure of the book, but as first time authors/editors, we had a lot to learn about the logistics of putting together information from multiple sources. Needless to say, it was a long road between the tutorial and the book, and it took more than a few months to complete. We hope that you will find our journey worthwhile and the collated information useful. The laboratories of the authors are located at many universities distributed around the world. Their unifying theme, however, is the advancement of knowledge for the development of systems for CMOS imaging and image processing. We hope that this book will highlight the ideas that have been pioneered by the authors, while providing a roadmap for new practitioners in this field to exploit exciting opportunities to integrate imaging and smartness on a single VLSI chip. The potential of these smart imaging systems is still unfulfilled. Hence, there is still plenty of research and development to be done."

Spis treści

Dedication Contributing Authors Preface Introduction 1: Fundamentals of Silicon-Based Phototransduction; Honghao Ji and Pamela A. Abshire 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background Physics Of Light Sensing 1.3 Silicon-Based Photodetectors 1.4 Semiconductor Image Sensors 1.5 Information Rate 1.6 Summary 2: CMOS APS MTF Modeling; Igor Shcherback and Orly Yadid-Pecht 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Experimental Details 2.3 Physical Analysis 2.4 The Unified Model Description 2.5 Results And Discussion 2.6 Summary 3: Photoresponse Analysis And Pixel Shape Optimization For CMOS APS; Igor Shcherback and Orly Yadid-Pecht 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Photoresponse Model 3.3 Comparison With Experimental Results 3.4 CMOS APS Pixel Photoresponse Prediction For Scalable CMOS Technologies 3.5 Summary 4: Active Pixel Sensor Design: From Pixels To Systems; Alexander Fish and Orly Yadid-Pecht 4.1 Introduction 4.2 CMOS Image Sensors 4.3 APS System-on-a-chip Approach 4.4 Summary 5: Focal-Plane Analog Image Processing; Matthew A. Clapp, Viktor Gruev, and Ralph Etienne-Cummings 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Current-Domain Image Processing: The General Image Processor 5.3 Voltage-Domain Image Processing: The Temporal Difference Imager 5.4 Mixed-Mode Image Processing: The Centroid-Tracking Imager 5.5 Conclusions 6: CMOS Imager Non-Uniformity Correction Using Floating-Gate Adaptation; Marc Cohen and Gert Cauwenberghs 6. 1 Introduction 6.2 Adaptive Non-Uniformity Correction 6.3 Canceling Gain Non-Uniformity 6.4 Intensity Equalization 6.5 Focal Plane VLSI Implementation 6.6 VLSI System Architecture 6.7 Experimental Results 6.8 Discussion 6.9 Conclusions Appendix: List of Symbols Index