C++20 for Lazy Programmers: Quick, Easy, and Fun C++ for Beginners

ISBN-13: 9781484263051 / Angielski / Miękka / 2020 / 677 str.

Will Briggs

Spis treści

Introduction 1-1

1 Getting started 1-9

1.1 A simple program 1-9

1.2 Creating an SSDL project 1-12

1.3 Shapes and the functions that draw them 1-27

1.4 consts and colors 1-35

1.5 Text 1-37 

Prominent examples from this chapter:  a drawing of a bug's head; a neatly printed poem.

2 Images and sound 2-43

2.1 Images and changing window characteristics 2-43

2.2 Multiple images together 2-48

2.3 Adding transparency with GIMP 2-50

2.4 Sound 2-54

Example:  a slide show (Your yard gnome's travel pics).

3 Math: types, operations, consts, and math functions 3-56

3.1 Variables 3-56

3.2 const, constexpr, constinit 3-57

3.3 Math operators 3-59

3.4 Built-in functions and casting 3-62

Examples:  diver on a diving board; a 5-pointed star.

C++20 updates:  constexpr, constinit.

After this chapter, constexpr/constinit show up in most examples.

4 Mouse, and if 4-67

4.1 Mouse functions 4-67

4.2 if 4-69

4.3 Boolean values and variables 4-73

4.4 A hidden-object game 4-75

Example:  The hidden-object game.

5 Loops and text input 5-79

5.1 Keyboard input 5-79

5.2 while and do-while 5-81

5.3 for loops 5-85

5.4 chars and cctype 5-90

5.5 switch 5-94

Examples:  the Monty Hall problem; menus.

6 Algorithms and the development process 6-97

6.1 Adventures in robotic cooking 6-97

6.2 Writing a program from start to finish 6-100

Example: a bullseye pattern.

7 Functions 7-106

7.1 Functions that return values 7-106

7.2 Functions that return nothing 7-109

7.3 Global variables and why they're evil 7-111

7.4 How to write a function in four easy steps (and call it in one) 7-113

7.5 Why have functions, anyway? 7-117

Example:  a multi-frame comic (illustrates code reuse). 

8 Functions (Continued) 8-126

8.1 Random numbers 8-126

8.2 Boolean functions 8-131

8.3 Multiple values provided:  using & parameters 8-133

8.4 Identifier scope 8-138

8.5 A final note on algorithms 8-140 

Examples:  various functions using random number generation.

9 Using the debugger 9-141

9.1 A flawed program 9-141

9.2 Breakpoints and watched variables 9-145

9.3 Fixing the stripes 9-145

9.4 Going into functions 9-149

9.4 Fixing the stars 9-149

9.4 Wrap-up 9-150

9.4 Other debugging techniques 9-153

9.4 More on antibugging 9-156

Example: a national flag.

10 Arrays and enum class 10-159

10.1 Arrays 10-159

10.2 Arrays as function parameters 10-160

10.3 enum class 10-166

10.4 Multidimensional arrays 10-166

Examples: monthly temperatures, checkers, tic-tac-toe.

C++20 update: using enum class (which significantly improves the usefulness of enum class).

11 Animation with structs and sprites 11-173

11.1 struct 11-173

11.2 Making a movie with struct and while 11-176

11.3 Sprites 11-182

Examples:  bouncing balls; a video aquarium.

C++20 update:  designated initializers for structs.

12 Building your own arcade game:  input, collisions, and putting it all together 12-188

12.1 Determining input states 12-188

12.2 Events 12-190

12.3 Cooldowns and lifetimes 12-191

12.4 Collisions 12-194

12.5 The big game 12-195

Examples: an arcade game, and the student's own game.

13 Standard I/O and file operations 13-204

13.1 Standard I/O programs in Visual C++ and g++ 13-204

13.2 File I/O (optional) 13-210

Examples:  various programs reading/writing text files.  

Except for Chapter 21 (virtual functions), this and subsequent chapters use standard console I/O, not the SSDL graphics library.  

If used for a course, this chapter likely ends the first semester, so if students are going into a class with a different textbook, they are ready for the console I/O it will certainly require them to know.

14 Character arrays and dynamic memory (pointers) 14-221

14.1 Character arrays 14-221

14.2 Dynamic allocation of arrays. 14-224

14.3 Using the * notation 14-228

Examples:  C's string functions, written as examples or offered as exercises; code with new and delete

C++20 updates: array size deduction in new expressions.

15 Classes:  the basics 15-232

15.1 Writing classes 15-232

15.2 Constructors 15-235

15.3 const objects, const member functions... 15-239

15.4 ...and const parameters 15-241

15.5 Multiple constructors 15-241

15.6 Default parameters for code reuse 15-244

15.7 Date program (so far) 15-245

Examples:  the Date class; the student's own Time class.

16 Classes, continued 16-248

16.1 inline functions for efficiency 16-248

16.2 Access functions 16-249

16.3 static members, inline, and constexpr/constinit 16-250

16.4 Separate compilation and include files 16-252

16.5 Multiple-file projects in Microsoft Visual C++ 16-257

16.7 Multiple-file projects in g++ 16-259

16.8 Final Date program 16-264

Examples:  the Date class; the student's own Time class, continued.

C++20 updates: constexpr/consteval member functions; constexpr/constinit data members and their interaction with static.

17 Operators, and destructors 17-268

17.1 The basic string class 17-268

17.2 Destructors 17-270

17.3 == and != operators 17-271

17.3 Other comparison operators, using the spaceship operator 17-271

17.4 Assignment operators and *this 17-273

17.5 Arithmetic operators 17-275

17.6 [] and () operators 17-279

17.7 >> and <<: operators that aren't class members 17-281

17.8 ++ and -- 17-283

17.9 Explicit call to constructor 17-284

17.10 .The final String class 17-285

17.11 #include 17-291

Examples:  a String class; the student's own Point or Fraction class.

C++20 updates:  implicit != operator; the three-way "spaceship" () operator.

18 Exceptions, recursion, and O notation 18-292

18.1 Exceptions 18-292

18.1 Move constructors and move = (optional) 18-296

18.2 Recursion (optional; used in the next section) 18-300

18.3 Algorithm analysis and O-notation (optional) 18-303

Examples:  a Stack class; a factorial function; binary and linear search.

19 Classes, continued:  inheritance 19-309

19.1 The basics of inheritance 19-309

19.2 Constructors and destructors 19-312

19.2 Inheritance as a concept 19-312

19.3 An inheritance heirarchy, and public/private inheritance 19-314

19.4 Modules: the modern way to maintain libraries 19-314

Examples:  card games.

C++20 update: modules. 

20 Template functions and classes 20-335

20.1 Function templates 20-335

20.2 The Vector class 20-338

20.3 Making Vector a template 20-341

20.4 Unusual class templates (optional) 20-345

20.5 #include ^t; 20-346

C++20 updates: concepts; class template argument deduction for aggregates.

21 Multiple inheritance and virtual functions 21-347

21.1 Virtual functions 21-347

21.2 Multiple inheritance 21-357

Example:  a Shape class.  This chapter uses the SSDL library.

C++20 updates: if it fits with the examples, constexpr virtual functions. 

22 Linked lists 22-359

22.1 What lists are and why have them 22-359

22.2 The (default) constructor 22-363

22.3 push_front 22-363

22.4 pop_front 22-365

22.5 The destructor 22-367

22.6 ->:  a bit of syntactic sugar 22-367

22.7 A bit more friendly syntax:  pointers as conditions 22-367

22.8 The linked list template 22-368

22.9 #include 22-371

Example:  the List class.

23 The Standard Template Library (STL) 23-371

23.1 Iterators 23-371

23.2 Getting really lazy: ranges and auto 23-375

23.3 Initializer lists (optional) 23-376

23.4 algorithm (optional) 23-375

Example:  an extension of the List class to use iterators.

C++20 updates: initialization statements in range-based for loops (Section 23.2); std::span (23.2); parenthesized initialization of aggregates (23.3); simplified erase*/remove* functions (23.4).

If this is used for a class, the second semester likely ends with Chapter 19 or 20.  Remaining chapters are extras for those who want to go further.

24 Building bigger projects 24-377

24.1 Namespaces 24-377

24.2 Conditional compilation 24-378

24.3 Libraries 24-378

25 History 25-382

25.1 SIMULA 67 25-382

25.2 Smalltalk 25-382

25.3 What "object-oriented" is 25-383

25.4 C 25-383

25.5 C++ 25-383

26.6 C++'s evolving standards, C++98 to C++20 25-383

26 Esoterica (recommended) 26-385

26.1 Formatted output (fmt) 26-385

26.2 Command-line arguments 26-387

26.3 static_cast et al 26-389

26.4 Defaulted constructors and = 26-391

26.5 User-defined literals: let C++ handle your units for you 26-393

26.6 Lambda functions for one-time use 26-395

26.7 Sructured bindings: returning multiple values at once 26-398

26.8 Smart pointers 26-400

26.9 Bit twiddling:  &, |, and ~ 26-402

C++20 updates: Formatted output; std::make_shared()'s support for arrays (Section 26.8).

27 Esoterica (not so recommended) 27-404

27.1 protected sections 27-404

27.2 Template specialization 27-405

27.3 friends and why you shouldn't have any 27-405

27.4 User-defined conversions 27-408

28 C 28-412

28.1 Compiling C 28-412

28.2 I/O 28-414

28.3 Parameter passing with * 28-421

28.4 Dynamic memory 27-423

Examples:  programs using C's stdio functions (printf, sscanf, etc.).

29 Moving on with SDL 29-424

29.1 A basic program in SDL 29-424

29.2 Compling 29-426

29.3 Further resources 29-427

Appendices

A. Setting up SDL and SSDL 427

B. Operators 429

C. ASCII codes 429

D. Escape sequences 430

E. Basic C standard library 432

F. SSDL reference 435

Index 448

References 455

O autorze

Will Briggs, PhD is a professor of computer science at the University of Lynchburg in Virginia.  He has 20+ years of experience teaching C++, 12 of them using earlier drafts of this book, and about as many years teaching other languages including C, LISP, Pascal, PHP, PROLOG, and Python.  His primary focus is teaching of late while also active in research in artificial intelligence.

Blurb

Ready to learn programming with less effort and more fun? Then do it the lazy way! C++20 for Lazy Programmers uses humor and fun to make you actually willing to read and eager to do the projects as you master the popular and powerful C++ language. Along the way it includes many features from the new C++20 standard, such as ranges, spans, format strings, the “spaceship” operator, and concepts (template parameter requirements), and provides brief introductions to modules and coroutines.

With this unique method, you’ll stretch your abilities with a variety of projects, including your own C++ arcade game. You'll construct your own classes, templates, and abstract data types. After reading and using this book you’ll be ready to build real-world C++ applications and game projects on your own.

You will:

• Be one of the first to program in the brand-new C++20 standard
• Discover the SDL graphics and gaming library, and SSDL, the "Simple SDL" wrapper library
• Get detailed help using the most common C++ compilers -- Visual Studio for Windows, and g++ (with Unix or MinGW) -- and their associated debuggers
• Practice “anti-bugging” for easy fixes to common problems 
• Learn new concepts and skills from a variety of examples
• Develop sound practices for becoming a productive programmer
• Build a C++-based arcade game 
• Apply built-in Standard Template Library (STL) functions and classes for easy and efficient programming
• Learn powerful data types including strings, stacks, vectors, and linked lists -- not by reading about them but by building them -- preparing you further for a career in programming