Brain, Behavior and Epigenetics

ISBN-13: 9783642174254 / Angielski / Twarda / 2011 / 317 str.

Arturas Petronis; Jonathan Mill

Opis

Biomedical research in the first decade of the 21^st century has been marked by a rapidly growing interest in epigenetics. The reasons for this are numerous, but primarily it stems from the mounting realization that research programs focused solely on DNA sequence variation, despite their breadth and depth, are unlikely to address all fundamental aspects of human biology. Some questions are evident even to non-biologists. How does a single zygote develop into a complex multicellular organism composed of dozens of different tissues and hundreds of cell types, all genetically identical but performing very different functions? Why do monozygotic twins, despite their stunning external similarities, often exhibit significant differences in personality and predisposition to disease? If environmental factors are solely the cause of such variation, why are similar differences also observed between genetically identical animals housed in a uniform environment? Over the last couple of decades, epigenetics has undergone a significant metamorphosis from an abstract developmental theory to a very dynamic and rapidly developing branch of molecular biology. Epigenetic processes primarily regulate gene expression, controlling the tissue-specific orchestration of gene activity that ultimately accounts for the development of multicellular organisms. They also have a number of other important genomic functions including the suppression of retroelements, the instigation of X chromosome inactivation in females and a role in meiotic and mitotic recombination and chromosomal segregation.

Spis treści

Preface.- 1. Post-translational histone modifications and the neurobiology of psychosis.- 2. Epigenetic regulation of GABAergic targets in psychiatry.- 3. Possible roles of DNA methylation in bipolar disorder.- 4. The epigenetics of depression and suicide.- 5. Epidemiology research and epigenetics: Translational epidemiology of schizophrenia.-  6. Environmental studies as a tool for detecting epigenetic mechanisms in schizophrenia.- 7. Imprinting, inactivation and the behavioural genetics of the X-chromosome.-  8. The strategies of the genes: genomic conflicts, attachment theory and  development of the social brain.- 9. Genomic imprinting effects on brain and behavior; future directions.- 10. Epigenetic influence of the social environment.- 11. Towards an understanding of the dynamic inter-dependence of genes and environment in the regulation of phenotype.  Nurturing our epigenetic nature.- 12. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: a novel therapeutic approach for cognitive disorders.-  13. Epigenetic mechanisms of memory consolidation.-  14. Epigenetic mechanisms in memory formation.- Subject index.

Blurb

Despite significant progress in molecular epigenetic research and its enormous potential, there are still considerable challenges to overcome before we can fully understand the role of epigenetic processes in brain function and behavior. For instance, what comprises a ‘normal’ brain epigenome and what is the degree of region- and cellular-specificity of epigenetic landscapes in the brain? How do the multiple layers of epigenetic information interact and change over time? How common is meiotic epigenetic heritability and what role it may play in complex psychiatric disease? To what extent is the epigenome plastic and malleable in response to environmental influences? This volume demonstrates that such questions can now be explored in an experimental molecular biology laboratory. While the community is only just starting to acknowledge the importance of epigenetic processes in the brain, there is no doubt that numerous breakthrough discoveries in brain and behavioral epigenetics will be made in the decades to come.