Preface 1 Bureaucraticization of Budget Processes: Causing or Remedying Bounded Rationality? Bounded Rationality of Decision Makers Bounded Bureaucracy as a Remedy to Bounded Rationality Central Budget Offices: Enhancing Information Processing and Reducing Institutional Conflicts Bureaucracy to Save Bureaucratic Malfunctions 2 Bounded Rationality in Policy and Budget Processes Bounded Rationality and Satisficing Incrementalism Serial Judgment Disproportionate Information Processing Conclusion 3 Bureaucratic Organizations as a Remedy to Bounded Rationality Bureaucratic Organizations: Extending Human Cognitive and Analytical Capacities Bureaucratic Centralization: Expediting Information Processing and Reducing Institutional Frictions Bureaucratic Centralization and Moderating Impact of Organizational Strategies Bureaucratic Centralization and Partisan Configurations Conclusion: Bounded Bureaucracy to Bounded Rationality 4 Bureaucratic Centralization and the National Executive Budget Process U.S. Budget Outcomes: 1961 2006 Bureaucratic Centralization in Presidents' Budgets Institutional Frictions in the U.S. Budget Process Bureaucratic Centralization and U.S. Budget Punctuations 81 Bureaucratic Centralization and U.S. Budget Stability Conclusion 5 Bureaucratic Centralization and the Congressional Budget Process Congressional Macrobudgeting: Institutions and Partisan Politics The Congressional Budget Offi ce (CBO): A Bipartisan Information Processor Bureaucratic Centralization and U.S. Budget Punctuations Bureaucratic Centralization and U.S. Budget Stability Conclusion 6 Bureaucratic Centralization and the State Budget Process State Budget Outcomes: 1993, 1996, 1998, and 2000 State Executive Budgets State Legislative Budgets State Budget Institutions: Item Veto and Balanced Budget Requirements Bounded Bureaucracy and the Budgetary Process in the United States Bureaucratic Centralization and State Budget Punctuations Bureaucratic Centralization and State Budget Stability Conclusion Appendix: Legislative Professionalization and State Budget Punctuations and Stability 7 Conclusion: Bounded Bureaucracy to Bounded Rationality Bibliography Index