"This book offers new methodological and empirical insights into 'hate', specifically in relation to the digital world and hate perpetrated towards 'hard-to-reach groups'. ... This book re-establishes core literature on hate crime and engages with new avenues for debate that will be of great interest to students and scholars of hate studies." (James Pickles, The British Journal of Criminology, February 23, 2021)
2.2 Chapter 2 Hypervisible: Recognising ‘difference’ and ‘vulnerability’
2.3 Chapter 2 Rendered invisible: disempowered and disengaged
3. Chapter 3 Relevant yet irrelevant: challenges associated with hate crime policy
3.1 Chapter 3 Signs of progress
3.2 Chapter 3 Signs of failure
Part Two: Undertaking Research with Hate Crime Victims
4. Chapter 4 The process of engagement: ‘hard to reach’ or ‘easy to ignore’?
4.1 Chapter 4 Connecting with ‘hidden’ voices
4.2 Chapter 4 Connecting with our sample
4.3 Chapter 4 Connecting with our data
5. Chapter 5 Lessons from the field
5.1 Chapter 5 Acknowledging positionality
5.2 Chapter 5 Acknowledging resistance
5.3 Chapter 5 Acknowledging resilience
Part Three: Revealing ‘Hidden’ Problems
6. Chapter 6 ‘Everyday’ hate
6.1 Chapter 6 Targets of hate crime
6.2 Chapter 6 Forms of hate crime
7. Chapter 7 ‘Everyday’ contexts
7.1 Chapter 7 Perpetrators of hate crime
7.2 Chapter 7 Drivers of hate crime
8. Chapter 8 ‘Invisible’ harms
8.1 Chapter 8 Physical harms
8.2 Chapter 8 Emotional harms
8.3 Chapter 8 Wider harms
8.4 Chapter 8 Coping strategies
9. Chapter 9 ‘Invisible’ victims
9.1 Chapter 9 Barriers to reporting
9.2 Chapter 9 Barriers to support
9.3 Chapter 9 Barriers to justice
Part Four: Transforming Responses
10. Chapter 10 Implications for scholarship
10.1 Chapter 10 Defining hate crime
10.2 Chapter 10 Theorising hate crime
10.3 Chapter 10 Researching hate crime
11. Chapter 11 Implications for policy
11.1 Chapter 11 Improving frontline responses
11.2 Chapter 11 Improving justice outcomes
11.3 Chapter 11 Improving support provision
Neil Chakraborti is Professor in Criminology, Head of School and Director of the Centre for Hate Studies at the University of Leicester, UK.
Stevie-Jade Hardy is Associate Professor in Hate Studies at the University of Leicester, UK.
This book offers unparalleled insight into the ways in which hate crime affects individuals and communities across the world. Drawing from the testimonies of more than 2,000 victims of hate crime, the book identifies the physical, emotional and community-level harms associated with hate crimes and key implications for justice in the context of punitive, restorative, rehabilitative and educative interventions. Hate crime constitutes one of the biggest global challenges of our time and blights the lives of millions of people across the world. Within this context the book generates important new knowledge on victims’ experiences and expectations, and uses its compelling evidence-base to identify fresh ways of understanding, researching and responding to hate crime. It also documents the sensitivities associated with undertaking complex fieldwork of this nature, and in doing so offers an authentic account of the very necessary – and sometimes unconventional – steps which are fundamental to the process of engaging with ‘hard-to-reach’ communities.