Blood Substitutes

ISBN-13: 9780127597607 / Angielski / Twarda / 2006 / 548 str.

Robert M. Winslow

Opis

Blood substitutes are solutions designed for use in patients who need blood transfusions, but for whom whole blood is not available, or is not safe. This interest has intensified in the wake of the AIDS and hepatitis C epidemics. Blood Substitutes describes the rationale, current approaches, clinical efficacy, and design issues for all blood substitutes now in clinical trials. The many summary diagrams and tables help make the book accessible to readers such as surgeons and blood bankers, who have less technical expertise than the biochemists and hematologists who are designing and testing blood substitutes.

* Includes chapters necessary to the understanding of blood substitutes, including history, toxicity, physiology, and clinical applications
* Presents detailed descriptions of the various products that have been developed and have advanced to clinical trials, and some that are in earlier states of development

Recenzje

"Robert Winslow's new book Blood Substitutes, is useful in many ways. It brings together well-written summaries of the work of many of the most important investigators of the last 2 decades in the broad group of interrelated fields. Moreover, it also has some excellent chapters of scientific and medical background that provide context for the work. It also gives a historical snapshot of the thinking and attitudes of workers in the field. As an introduction to the field, this book is outstanding."
- John R. Hess MD, MPH, FACPa, University of Maryland Medical Center for TRANSFUSION MEDICINE REVIEWS (2006)

"There aren't too many all in one books on this subject, let alone one written this clearly, concisely, and with perspective. If you are interested in this field, get this book."
- Doody's 3 Star Review by Valerie L. Ng, PhD, MD, Alameda County Medical Center/Highland Hospital (2006)

"This is a serious, comprehensive, authoritative and highly readable textbook on a most relevant and challenging topic - the search for blood substitutes. ...The Editor and publishers have clearly given considerable thought to the readability as well as the academic rigour of the 46 chapters and 548 pages. In this reviewer's opinion, they have been most successful. The font and the page layouts are easy on the eye, the illustrations of good quality, and the references for each chapter are comprehensive and up to date. The potential readership for this book will undoubtedly be broadly based. This is a
quality text book, and, although it is always difficult to define quality, we do recognise it when we come across it."
- Professor Ken Taylor, British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiac Surgery, University of London
and Director of Cardiac Services, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

Spis treści

Section 1: Background

Introduction

Chapter 1: Historical Background

Chapter 2: Transfusion Medicine

Chapter 3: Regulatory Perspectives on Clinical Trials for Oxygen Therapeutics in Trauma and Transfusion Practice

Section 2: Physiological Basis

Introduction

Chapter 4: Clinical Physiology: Oxygen Transport and the Transfusion Trigger

Chapter 5: The Role of Oxygen and Hemoglobin Diffusion in Oxygen Transport by Cell-free Hemoglobins

Chapter 6: Oxygen Transport Properties of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers: Studies using Artificial Capillaries and Mathematical Simulation

Chapter 7: Mechanisms of Oxygen Transport in the Microcirculation: Effects of Cell-Free Oxygen Carriers

Chapter 8: Shear Stress Mechanotransduction and the Flow Properties of Blood

Chapter 9: Local Regulation of Blood Flow

Section 3: Clinical Applications

Introduction

Chapter 10: Clinical Indications for Blood Substitutes and Optimal Properties

Chapter 11: Crystalloid Solutions

Chapter 12: Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers as Resuscitative Solutions for Trauma and Combat Casualty Care

Chapter 13: Surgical Hemorrhage

Chapter 14: Clinical Trials in Cardiac Surgery

Chapter 15: Hemodilution

Chapter 16: Clinical Hemodilution

Chapter 17: Potential for Blood Substitutes in Tissue Ischemia

Section 4: Toxicity and Side Effects

Introduction

Chapter 18: Redox and Radical Reactions of Hemoglobin Solutions: Toxicities and Protective Strategies

Chapter 19: Pro-Oxidant Activity of Hemoglobin and Endothelial Cytotoxicity

Chapter 20: Renal Toxicity

Chapter 21: Hemoglobin and Neurotoxicity

Chapter 22: The Role of Inflammation in the Toxicity of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers

Chapter 23: Hemoglobin-Induced Myocardial Lesions

Section 5: Perfluorocarbon-Based Oxygen Carriers

Introduction

Chapter 24: Fluorocarbon Emulsions as in vivo Oxygen Delivery Systems: Background and Chemistry

Chapter 25: Fluosol®: The First Commercial Injectable Perfluorocarbon Oxygen Carrier

Chapter 26: Perftoran®

Chapter 27: Rational Development of OxyfluorT

Chapter 28: OxygentT, a Perfluorochemical-Based Oxygen Therapeutic for Surgical Patients

Section 6: Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers

Introduction

Chapter 29: The Structural and Functional Properties of Hemoglobin and their Relevance for a Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitute

Chapter 30: Hemoglobin Modification

Chapter 31: Designing Recombinant Hemoglobin for Use as a Blood Substitute

Chapter 32: Design, Conformational, Functional and Physiological Characterization of Recombinant Polymeric Heme-Proteins

Chapter 33: aa-Crosslinked Hemoglobin

Chapter 34: DCLHb and rHb1.1

Chapter 35: Clinical Studies with DCLHb

Chapter 36: Hemopure® (HBOC-201, Hemoglobin Glutamer-250 (Bovine)): Preclinical Studies

Chapter 37: HBOC-201 (Hemoglobin Glutamer-250 (Bovine), Hemopure®): Clinical Studies

Chapter 38: Polyhemoglobin-Enzymes as New-Generation Blood Substitutes and Oxygen Therapeutics

Chapter 39: Surface Decoration of Hemoglobin with Polyethylene Glycol

Chapter 40: Hemospan® (MP4), A Human Hemoglobin Modified with Maleimide-Polyethylene Glycol

Chapter 41: Dextran-Hemoglobin

Chapter 42: Development of Non-Extravasating Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers

Section 7: Liposomes and Related Products

Introduction

Chapter 43: Liposome-Encapsulated Hemoglobin: History, Preparation and Evaluation

Chapter 44: Hemoglobin Vesicles as a Molecular Assembly: Characteristics of Preparation Process and Performances as Artificial Oxygen Carriers

Chapter 45: Nanodimension Biodegradable Polymeric Membrane Artificial Red Blood Cells

Chapter 46: Albumin-Heme: A Synthetic Heme-Based Oxygen Carrier

O autorze

Professor Winslow received his M.D. degree and postgraduate training in internal medicine and hematology at the Johns Hopkins University and Hospital. He studied hemoglobin biochemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Molecular Biology at the National Institutes of Health. His research, for more than 30 years, has been aimed at the intersection of the synthesis, structure and function of hemoglobin, in such areas as sickle cell anemia, high altitude physiology and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Professor Winslow previously headed the Blood Research Division at the Letterman Army Institute of Research, responsible for the US Army's blood substitute program. Between 1991 and 1998, he was a Professor of Medicine, leading a blood substitute program at the University of California at San Diego (UCSD), supported by the National Institutes of Health. Professor Winslow has also served as a consultant to many private companies and has been an advisor for, among others, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Science, the Pan American Health Organization, the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Defense and a number of foreign governments. He has written more than 200 scientific articles on clinical, physiological and biochemical aspects of hemoglobin and oxygen transport.