ISBN-13: 9786200549358 / Angielski
Fixed orthodontic appliances are very important weapons in the field of orthodontics but functional appliance are also very important arsenal along with fixed appliance in answering all the requirements of therapeutic demands in orthodontics.American orthodontic literature, "the three M's: muscles, malformation and malocclusion," by Grabber (1963) described the effect of function and malfunction.1More failures result from incorrect posturing of the mandible, than from any single clinical maneuver in the management of appliance. Clinicians must direct their focus to find common denominators of functional appliance treatment and find out the methods that can be applied to all functional appliances and the biologic, biomechanic and physiologic aspect of their use with less problems and greater long term stability with respect to teeth, bone and surrounding soft tissue.