Biophysics of Human Hair: Structural, Nanomechanical, and Nanotribological Studies

ISBN-13: 9783642159008 / Angielski / Twarda / 2010 / 192 str.

Bharat Bhushan

Opis

Humanhairisananocompositebiological?ber. Maintainingthehealth, feel, shine, color, softness, andoverallaestheticsofthehairishighlydesired. Haircarepr- ucts such as shampoos and conditioners, along with damaging processes such as chemical dyeing and permanent wave treatments, affect the maintenance and groomingprocessandareimportanttostudybecausetheyaltermanyhairprop- ties. Nanoscalecharacterizationofthecellularstructure, mechanicalproperties, and morphological, frictional, andadhesive properties(tribologicalproperties)ofhair areessentialtoevaluateanddevelopbettercosmeticproductsandtoadvancethe understandingofbiologicalandcosmeticscience. Theatomic/frictionforcemic- scope(AFM/FFM)andnanoindenterhavebecomeimportanttoolsforstudyingthe micro/nanoscalepropertiesofhumanhair. Inthisbook, wepresentacomprehensive review of structural, nanomechanical, and nanotribological properties of various hairandskinasafunctionofethnicity, damage, conditioningtreatment, andvarious environments. Variouscellularstructuresofhumanhairand?nesublamellarstr- turesofthecuticleareidenti?edandstudied. Nanomechanicalpropertiessuchas hardness, elasticmodulus, tensiledeformation, fatigue, creep, andscratchresistance arediscussed. Nanotribologicalpropertiessuchasroughness, friction, andadhesion are presented, as well as investigations of conditioner distribution, thickness, and bindinginteractions. Tounderstandtheelectrostaticchargebuilduponhair, surface potentialstudiesarealsopresented. Thebookshouldserveasareferencebookonthebiophysicsofhumanhairand hairtreatments. TheresearchreportedinthisbookwassupportedbyProcter&GambleCo. in Cincinnati, Ohio, andKobe, Japan. IwouldliketothankCarmenLaTorrewhohad assistedinvariouspublicationsonhairresearch. Iwouldalsoliketothankmywife Sudha, whohasbeenforbearingduringthepreparationofthisbook. Powell, OH BharatBhushan November2010 v Contents 1 Introduction-Human Hair, Skin, and Hair Care Products. . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 1 HumanHair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 1. 1 TheCuticle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. 1. 2 TheCortexandMedulla. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1. 2 Skin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. 3 HairCare: CleaningandConditioningTreatments, andDamaging Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1. 3. 1 CleaningandConditioningTreatments: Shampoo andConditioner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1. 3. 2 DamagingProcesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1. 4 OrganizationoftheBook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2 Experimental Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2. 1 ExperimentalApparatuses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2. 2 ExperimentalProcedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2. 2. 1 StructuralCharacterizationUsinganAFM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2. 2. 2 SurfacePotentialStudiesUsingAFM-Based KelvinProbeMicroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2. 2. 3 NanomechanicalCharacterizationUsingNanoindentation . . . 30 2. 2. 4 InSituTensileDeformationCharacterizationUsin

Spis treści

Introduction.- Human hair, skin, and hair care products.- Experimental.- Structural characterization using an AFM.- Nanomechanical characterization using nanoindentation, nanoscratch, and AFM.-Multi-scale tribological characterization.- Conditioner thickness distribution and binding interactions on hair surface.-Surface potential studies of human hair using Kelvin Probe Microscopy.- Closure.

O autorze

Dr. Bharat Bhushan received an M.S. in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1971, an M.S. in mechanics and a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1973 and 1976, respectively, an MBA from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute at Troy, NY in 1980, Doctor Technicae from the University of Trondheim at Trondheim, Norway in 1990, a Doctor of Technical Sciences from the Warsaw University of Technology at Warsaw, Poland in 1996, and Doctor Honoris Causa from the Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences at Gomel, Belarus in 2000. He is a registered professional engineer (mechanical) and presently an Ohio Eminent Scholar and The Howard D. Winbigler Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate Research Faculty Advisor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Director of the Nanotribology Laboratory for Information Storage & MEMS/NEMS (NLIM) at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. He is an internationally recognized expert of tribology on the macro- to nanoscales, and is one of the most prolific authors in the field. He is considered by some a pioneer of the tribology and mechanics of magnetic storage devices and a leading researcher in the fields of nanotribology and nanomechanics using scanning probe microscopy and applications to micro/nanotechnology.

Blurb

This book presents the biophysics of hair. It deals with the structure of hair, its mechanical properties, the nanomechanical characterization, tensile deformation, tribological characterization, the thickness distribution and binding interactions on hair surface. Another important topic of the book is the health of hair, human hair and skin, hair care, cleaning and conditioning treatments and damaging processes. It is the first book on the biophysical properties of hair.